B5 Flashcards
what are symtoms of salmonela
fever like dieria
what drugs kill viruses
antivirals
define health
a state of physical and mental wellbeing
can all desies be spread
no
what is a pathogen
pathogens are microorganisms that cause communicable (infectious) diseases in plants or animals, and include bacteria, viruses, protists and fungi.
how do bacteria and viruses harm you
bacteria and viruses reproduce rapidly - bacteria can make you feel ill by producing toxins that damage cells, and viruses made you feel ill by reproducing inside cells and damaging them.
how can pathogens be spread
pathogens can be spread between people by water, air or by direct contact.
how to prevent the spread of desies
the spread of diseases can be reduced or prevented by being hygienic, destroying vectors, isolating infectious people, and by using vaccinations.
what method do gardeners use to remove afids
ladybirds
name three plant desieses
TMV
rose black spot
magnesium deficancy
nitrates deficancy
(aphids)
what is the equaton to figure out bacterial reproduction
origonal number of bacteria x 2 to the power of the number of devitions
name a culture medium
agar jelly
what is gonorrhoea
gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating. It is caused by a bacterium and was easily treated with the antibiotic penicillin until many resistant strains appeared. Gonorrhoea is spread by sexual contact. The spread can be controlled by treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception such as a condom.
what is Salmonella
Salmonella food poisoning is spread by bacteria ingested in food, or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions. In the UK, poultry are vaccinated against Salmonella to control the spread. Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea are caused by the bacteria and the toxins they secrete.
what is rose black spot
rose black spot is a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early. It affects the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced. It is spread in the environment by water or wind. Rose black spot can be treated by using fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected leaves.
what is a protis and how is it related to malaria
the pathogens that cause malaria are protists. The malarial protist has a life cycle that includes the mosquito. Malaria causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal. The spread of malaria is controlled by preventing the vectors, mosquitoes, from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.
Describe of the non-specific defence systems of the human body against pathogens,
the skin, nose, trachea and bronchi, and the stomach.
what does the amune system do if a pahtogen enters ther body
pathogen enters the body the immune system tries to destroy the pathogen.
how do white blood cells help to defend against pathogens
Phagocytosis - engulfing pathogens
Antibody production - attaching to specific markers (antigens) on pathogens
Antitoxin production - neutralising the toxins produced by bacteria
How to prepare an uncontaminated culture using aseptic technique. Include why
Petri dishes and culture media must be sterilised before use
inoculating loops used to transfer microorganisms to the media must be sterilised by passing them through a flame
the lid of the Petri dish should be secured with adhesive tape and stored upside down
in school laboratories, cultures should generally be incubated at 25°C.
do you know how to use standad form
YES!!!!
do you know How to investigate the effect of antiseptics or antibiotics on bacterial growth using agar plates and measuring zones of inhibition (Required Practical)
YES!!!!
What happens to plants that suffer from a deficiency of nitrate ions or magnesium ions
nitrate (stunted growth) and magnesium ions (chlorosis). This is because nitrate ions needed for protein synthesis and therefore growth, and magnesium ions needed to make chlorophyll.
do you know That plants can be infected by viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens, and damaged by insects (e.g. aphids).
YES!!!
