Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIR Test 3 > B5-002 Diabetes Mellitus Metabolism > Flashcards

B5-002 Diabetes Mellitus Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

core defects of type 2 diabetes

2

A
  • insulin resistance
  • B cell dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

translocates to the cell membrane to take up glucose

A

GLUT4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what 2 stimuli cause translocation of GLUT4 in muscle?

A

insulin
muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in a healthy condition, insulin and muscle contraction have an […] effect on glucose transport

A

additive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in an insulin resistance individual, insulin and muscle contraction have a […] effect on glucose transport

A

synergistic

farmers requiring less glucose then sedentary workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hepatic insulin resistance is commonly linked to

A

fatty liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

insulin binds receptors on hepatocytes to turn off

A

gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lipids in the liver cells are thought to prevent insulin from “turning off” […] in fatty liver

A

gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hepatic glucose production is […] in DM 2 patients

A

elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dysregulation of […] plays a prominent role in DM 2 pathology

A

hepatic glucose production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

critical locations for post prandial glucose disposal in DM2

2

A

skeletal muscle
liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hepatic glucose uptake is […] in DM 2

A

suppressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what contibutes to elevated postprandial glucose in DM2 patients?

A

HGP is not suppressed to the same degree as a healthy control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dysregulated hepatic glucose metabolism contributes to:

2

A

elevated fasting glucose
elevated post prandial glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

as insulin sensitivity decreases, […] increases to compensate

A

beta cell insulin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when beta cells are no longer able to compensate, this causes

A

DM 2 or
impaired glucose tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

primary genetic component of DM 2

A

beta cell ability to compensate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

post prandial glucose exursions are tightly linked to

A

CVD risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

higher glucose post […] is linked to higher CAD risk

A

2 hr OGTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

swings in glucose in circulation cause […] in various tissues

A

oxidative stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why might it be important to do both a fasting glucose and 2 hr OGTT?

A

impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance can occur separately

22
Q

[…] should lead to the highest glucose responses to a meal or OGTT

A

combined IFG/IGT

23
Q

GLP-1 levels are […] in patients with DM 2

A

decreased

either reduced production or increased DPP4 breakdown

24
Q

L cells produce

2

A

GLP-1
GIP

incretins

25
Q

why is C reative protein used as a marker of insulin production?

A

it is more stable than insulin

26
Q

GLP-1 induced insulin secretion is […] in DM2

A

reduced

27
Q

isoglycemic infusion of glucose stimulated insulin normally in DM2 patients. This suggests….

A

incretins (GLP, GIP) are critical for normal insulin response

28
Q

[…] levels are much higher in the portal vein than in systemic circulation

A

insulin

29
Q

the pancreas dumps insulin and glucagon into the […]

A

portal vein

30
Q

the liver takes up […] of insulin, lowering what is seen in systemic circulation

A

50-85%

insulin degrading enzyme

31
Q

insulin injections cannot mimic

A

high insulin levels in portal vein

32
Q

most adequate therapy for controlling hepatic glucose production and hepatic glucose storage

A

combination pre-meal and post-meal insulin

33
Q

in most patients [….] goes up over time despite use of anti-hypeglycemic agents

A

HbA1C

lifestyle interventions are critical

34
Q

greater than […] of walking a day dramatically lowers the risk of DM2

A

21 min

35
Q

[…] steps/day confers a level of protection against DM2

A

3,500

36
Q

most powerful regulation of insulin sensitivity

A

daily activity

37
Q

both standing and light activity even 20 min lowers

A

glucose and insulin

improves insulin sensitivity

38
Q

impaired fasting glucose is believed to be driven by

A

increased hepatic glucose production

39
Q

impaired glucose tolerance is attributed to

A

impaired glucose uptake

40
Q

most powerful risk factors for development of DM2

5

A
  • obesity
  • physical inactivity
  • genetics
  • ethnicity
  • age
41
Q

ingested glucose stimulates L cells to produce

A

GLP-1

42
Q

signals pancreatic beta cells to produce greater insulin levels during postprandial conditions

A

GLP-1

43
Q

[….] is integral for a higher insulin response in post prandial conditions

A

GLP-1 production and glucose sensing

thats why lower response for IV vs oral

44
Q

DM2 patients with supressed GLP-1 responses have impaired […] response

A

insulin

45
Q

primary cause of fatty liver

A

obesity

46
Q

increased transaminases and elevated fasting glucose may indicate

A

fatty liver

47
Q

glucose levels > 200 two hours after OGTT test, but a normal A1C is caused by

A

glucose intolerance

48
Q

stimulates pancreatic beta cell insulin production

A

GLP-1

49
Q

association between “insulin sensitivity” and “beta cell insulin secretion in response to glucose”

A

disposition index

50
Q

exercise is most effective at improving beta cell insulin production in individuals who are

A

early in their prognosis and have lower HbA1C

51
Q

what patients would be least responsive to effects of exercise?

A

individuals who have had diabetes for prolonged period of time or have very high HbA1C

52
Q

postprandial surges in glucose or large swings are more tightly linked to

A

oxidative stress –> CVD risk

GIR Test 3 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions