b4 questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the four main components of blood.

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets

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2
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

form blood clots – prevent the loss of blood and stop wounds becoming infected

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3
Q

Why is the human circulatory system a double
circulatory system?

A

blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit around the body – deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs, and the oxygenated blood that returns is pumped from the left side of the heart to the body

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4
Q

How does the structure of an artery relate to its
function?

A

carries blood away from the heart under high pressure – has a small lumen and thick, elasticated walls that can stretch

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5
Q

How does the structure of a vein relate to
its function?

A

carries blood back to the heart at low pressure –doesn’t need thick, elasticated walls, but has valves to prevent blood flowing the wrong way

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6
Q

How does the structure of a capillary relate to its
function?

A

carries blood to cells and tissues – has a one-cell-thick wall to provide a short diffusion distance

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7
Q

List the structures air passes through when
breathing in.

A

mouth/nose ➞ trachea ➞ bronchi ➞ bronchioles ➞ alveoli

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8
Q

What is the function of the red blood cells?

A

Bind to oxygen and transport it around the body

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9
Q

What is the function of the white blood cells?

A

Defend the body against pathogens

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10
Q

What is the function of the plasma?

A

Transports blood cells and substances around the body

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11
Q

Why is a leaf an organ?

A

there are many tissues inside the leaf that work together to perform photosynthesis

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12
Q

How is the upper epidermis adapted for its
function?

A
  • single layer of transparent cells allow light to pass
    through
  • cells secrete a waxy substance that makes leaves
    waterproof
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13
Q

How is the palisade mesophyll adapted for its
function?

A

tightly packed cells with lots of chloroplasts to absorb as much light as possible for photosynthesis

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14
Q

How is the spongy mesophyll adapted for
its function?

A

air spaces increase the surface area and allow gases to diffuse quickly

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15
Q

What is the function of the guard cells?

A

control the opening and closing of the stomata

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16
Q

What is the function of the xylem?

A

transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the rest of the plant

17
Q

Give three adaptations of the xylem.

A
  • made of dead cells
  • no end wall between cells
  • walls strengthened by a chemical called lignin to
    withstand the pressure of the water
18
Q

What is the function of the phloem?

A

transport dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of

19
Q

What is the purpose of translocation?

A

transport dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant for respiration, growth, and storage

20
Q

Define the term transpiration.

A

movement of water from the roots to the leaves through the xylem

21
Q

What is the purpose of transpiration?

A
  • provide water to keep cells turgid
  • provide water to cells for photosynthesis
  • transport mineral ions to leaves.
22
Q

Name four factors that affect the rate
of transpiration.

A

temperature, light intensity, humidity, and wind speed

23
Q

What effect does temperature have on the rate of
transpiration?

A

higher temperatures increase the rate of transpiration

24
Q

What effect does humidity have on the rate of
transpiration?

A

higher levels of humidity decrease the rate of
transpiration

25
Q

Why does increased light intensity increase the
rate of transpiration?

A

stomata open wider to let more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis

26
Q

What is the function of the stomata?

A

allow diffusion of gases into and out of the plant

27
Q

Where are most stomata found?

A

underside of leaves

28
Q

What is the advantage to the plant of having a
high number of stomata at this location?

A

reduces the amount of water loss through evaporation