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Biology > B4 Organising Plants and Animals > Flashcards

B4 Organising Plants and Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What do red blood cells carry ?

A

Red Blood Cells carry Oxygen

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2
Q

What are 4 adaptations of RBCs

A
  1. Biconcaved shape gives a large surface area ( for gas exchange )
  2. No nucleus to give way for haemoglobin
  3. Contains HB meaning gives colour when reacts with oxygen.
  4. Flexible to get through small capillaries
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3
Q

RBC percentage composition

A

40-45%

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4
Q

White blood cell function

A

To fight disease

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5
Q

What 3 adaptions of WBCs ?

A
  1. Flexible shape to engulf microbes
  2. Antibodies which are proteins which attack and destroy pathogens
  3. Antitoxins which can release by the WBC to neutralise toxins
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6
Q

WBC percentage composition

A

< 1%

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7
Q

Platelets Function ?

A

Heal Wounds

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8
Q

Platelet functions

A

No nucleus
Protects skin and stops bacteria entering the blood
Small Fragments

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9
Q

Platelets Percentage composition

A

<1%

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10
Q

Plasma Function ?

A 
Carries:
Water 
Digested food
Carbon dioxide 
Antibodies 
Hormones 
Waste products
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11
Q

Plasma Adaptations?

A

Liquid in which blood cels can float

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12
Q

Plasma Percentage Composition?

A

55%

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13
Q

Arteries function

A

Carry blood away from your heart to the organs

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14
Q

Capillaries Function ?

A

Link the veins and arteries

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15
Q

Veins Function

A

Carry blood from organs to heart

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16
Q

Arteries oxygen/ deoxygenated

A

Oxygenated

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17
Q

Capillaries oxygenated/ deoxygenated

A

Both

18
Q

Veins oxygenated/ deoxygenated

A

Deoxygenated

19
Q

Arteries size and structure

A

Large

Thick Walls

20
Q

Capillaries size and structure?

A

Small

Thin Walls- One Cell Thick

21
Q

Vein size and structure?

A

Large

Thin Walls

22
Q

Do veins have valves ?

A

Yes

23
Q

Why is double circulation in humans ?

A

One transport system carries blood from your heart to your lungs and back this allows oxygen and CO2 to be exchanged with the air in your lungs
The other transport system carries blood from your heart to all other organs and back

24
Q

What are Stents ?

A

Stents are small mesh cylinders that are placed in a blocked blood vessel and expanded to allow blood to follow past the blockage.

25
Q

What is bypass surgery?

A

Redirects blood around the blocked artery to improve blood flow

26
Q

What are statins ?

A

Stations slow down cholesterol build up

27
Q

What are leaky valves ?

A

Made of titanium and polymers last a very long time. You have to take medicine for the rest of your life to prevent blood from clotting. Bio valves are taken from pigs or cattle or sometimes humans no medicine needs to be taken however the only last 12-15 years.

28
Q

What are artificial pace markers?

A

Used to correct irregular heart rate between 20 and 50grams attached by two wires which send strong regular electric signals to the heart. Modern pacemakers are sensitive to regular checks ups

29
Q

Artificial hearts ?

A

Keeps the heart beat steadily when the heart fails completely a human heart can be donated and transferred. Scientists have created temporary hearts to keep a person alive till a transplant

30
Q

What happens in inhaling ?

A 
Diaphragm- down and flat 
Intercostal Muscles- contract 
Volume of chest cavity- increase
Pressure in chest cavity- decreases 
Air movement - in 
Overall effect on lungs- gets bigger
31
Q

What happens in exhaling ?

A 
Diaphragm- up and domes 
Intercostal Muscles- relax 
Volume of chest cavity- decrease 
Pressure in chest cavity- increase
Air movement - out
Overall effect on lungs- get smaller
32
Q

Phloem?

A

Made of living cells
Cell wall made of cellulose
Flow is up and down
Tissue also has companion cells

33
Q

Xylem ?

A 
Made of dead cells 
Cell wall made of lignin
Cross walls are absent 
No cytoplasm
Flow is upwards
34
Q

Function/ Adaptations Epidermal ?

A 
F-
Protects against water loss
Gas exchange
Secretes metabolic compound
A-
Single layer of cells
35
Q

Function/ Adaptation Palisade Mesophyll

A 
F- 
Absorbing light energy
A-
Many chloroplasts 
Column shaped
36
Q

Function/ Adaptation Spongy Mesophyll ?

A

F
Gas exchange
A
Large surface area

37
Q

Xylem F/A

A

F-
Transport Sugars
A-
Long hollow tubes

38
Q

Phloem F/A

A

F-
Transport water/ mineral ions
A- Cell Walls between cell form special sieve cells

39
Q

Stomata are…

A

Pores found in the epidermis of the leaves, stems and other organs

40
Q

Guard cells are…

A

Specialised cells in the epidermis of leaves, stem and organs sued to control gas exchange.

41
Q

Transpiration is…

A

The loss of water from leaves

42
Q

Transpiration rates increase when…

A

The stomata are open

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