B4 Organising Plants and Animals

Question 1

What do red blood cells carry ?

Answer 1

Red Blood Cells carry Oxygen

Question 2

What are 4 adaptations of RBCs

Answer 2

1. Biconcaved shape gives a large surface area ( for gas exchange )
2. No nucleus to give way for haemoglobin
3. Contains HB meaning gives colour when reacts with oxygen.
4. Flexible to get through small capillaries

Question 3

RBC percentage composition

Answer 3

40-45%

Question 4

White blood cell function

Answer 4

To fight disease

Question 5

What 3 adaptions of WBCs ?

Answer 5

1. Flexible shape to engulf microbes
2. Antibodies which are proteins which attack and destroy pathogens
3. Antitoxins which can release by the WBC to neutralise toxins

Question 6

WBC percentage composition

Answer 6

< 1%

Question 7

Platelets Function ?

Answer 7

Heal Wounds

Question 8

Platelet functions

Answer 8

No nucleus
Protects skin and stops bacteria entering the blood
Small Fragments

Question 9

Platelets Percentage composition

Answer 9

<1%

Question 10

Plasma Function ?

Answer 10

Carries:
Water 
Digested food
Carbon dioxide 
Antibodies 
Hormones 
Waste products

Question 11

Plasma Adaptations?

Answer 11

Liquid in which blood cels can float

Question 12

Plasma Percentage Composition?

Answer 12

55%

Question 13

Arteries function

Answer 13

Carry blood away from your heart to the organs

Question 14

Capillaries Function ?

Answer 14

Link the veins and arteries

Question 15

Veins Function

Answer 15

Carry blood from organs to heart

Question 16

Arteries oxygen/ deoxygenated

Answer 16

Oxygenated

Question 17

Capillaries oxygenated/ deoxygenated

Answer 17

Both

Question 18

Veins oxygenated/ deoxygenated

Answer 18

Deoxygenated

Question 19

Arteries size and structure

Answer 19

Large

Thick Walls

Question 20

Capillaries size and structure?

Answer 20

Small

Thin Walls- One Cell Thick

Question 21

Vein size and structure?

Answer 21

Large

Thin Walls

Question 22

Do veins have valves ?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Why is double circulation in humans ?

Answer 23

One transport system carries blood from your heart to your lungs and back this allows oxygen and CO2 to be exchanged with the air in your lungs
The other transport system carries blood from your heart to all other organs and back

Question 24

What are Stents ?

Answer 24

Stents are small mesh cylinders that are placed in a blocked blood vessel and expanded to allow blood to follow past the blockage.

Question 25

What is bypass surgery?

Answer 25

Redirects blood around the blocked artery to improve blood flow

Question 26

What are statins ?

Answer 26

Stations slow down cholesterol build up

Question 27

What are leaky valves ?

Answer 27

Made of titanium and polymers last a very long time. You have to take medicine for the rest of your life to prevent blood from clotting. Bio valves are taken from pigs or cattle or sometimes humans no medicine needs to be taken however the only last 12-15 years.

Question 28

What are artificial pace markers?

Answer 28

Used to correct irregular heart rate between 20 and 50grams attached by two wires which send strong regular electric signals to the heart. Modern pacemakers are sensitive to regular checks ups

Question 29

Artificial hearts ?

Answer 29

Keeps the heart beat steadily when the heart fails completely a human heart can be donated and transferred. Scientists have created temporary hearts to keep a person alive till a transplant

Question 30

What happens in inhaling ?

Answer 30

``` Diaphragm- down and flat Intercostal Muscles- contract Volume of chest cavity- increase Pressure in chest cavity- decreases Air movement - in Overall effect on lungs- gets bigger ```

Question 31

What happens in exhaling ?

Answer 31

``` Diaphragm- up and domes Intercostal Muscles- relax Volume of chest cavity- decrease Pressure in chest cavity- increase Air movement - out Overall effect on lungs- get smaller ```

Question 32

Phloem?

Answer 32

Made of living cells Cell wall made of cellulose Flow is up and down Tissue also has companion cells

Question 33

Xylem ?

Answer 33

``` Made of dead cells Cell wall made of lignin Cross walls are absent No cytoplasm Flow is upwards ```

Question 34

Function/ Adaptations Epidermal ?

Answer 34

``` F- Protects against water loss Gas exchange Secretes metabolic compound A- Single layer of cells ```

Question 35

Function/ Adaptation Palisade Mesophyll

Answer 35

``` F- Absorbing light energy A- Many chloroplasts Column shaped ```

Question 36

Function/ Adaptation Spongy Mesophyll ?

Answer 36

F Gas exchange A Large surface area

Question 37

Xylem F/A

Answer 37

F- Transport Sugars A- Long hollow tubes

Question 38

Phloem F/A

Answer 38

F- Transport water/ mineral ions A- Cell Walls between cell form special sieve cells

Question 39

Stomata are...

Answer 39

Pores found in the epidermis of the leaves, stems and other organs

Question 40

Guard cells are...

Answer 40

Specialised cells in the epidermis of leaves, stem and organs sued to control gas exchange.

Question 41

Transpiration is...

Answer 41

The loss of water from leaves

Question 42

Transpiration rates increase when...

Answer 42

The stomata are open