B4 Organising animals (Circulatory and Respiratory Systems) Flashcards
What 4 things is blood made of?
Blood is a tissue which contains;
- plasma,
- red blood cells,
- white blood cells
- platelets.
What are artificial pacemakers used for?
Artificial pacemakers are tiny battery powered electrical devices wired up to the heart to correct irregularities in the heart rate.
They can shock the heart into contracting if it stops.
What is the job of the platelets?
The platelets are involved in clotting.
Name the 5 main blood vessels of the heart.
The 5 blood vessels of the heart are the
- aorta,
- vena cava,
- pulmonary artery,
- pulmonary vein
- coronary artery.
Are platelets a type of blood cell?
No platelets aren’t a type of blood cell. They are fragments of cells and have no nucleus.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages in having a heart transplant.
The advantage of a heart transplant is that it can save your life but the disadvantages are that 1) There is a shortage of compatible heart donors available and many people die while on the waiting list. 2) You have to take drugs for the rest of your life to prevent your immune system attacking this foreign object.
Why would someone have heart bypass surgery?
Heart bypass surgery replaces the blocked blood vessels around the heart in people who have heart disease. It is a serious operation because it needs a general anaesthetic and is only carried out if stents will not work.
What do statins do?
Statins are drugs which reduce blood cholesterol levels. They slow down the build up of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries of anyone at risk from heart disease.
How is a capillary adapted to its job?
A capillary is adapted to its job by having a very thin wall so materials can move quickly through it.
What is the job of the heart?
The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body.
What is the job of the white blood cells?
The job of the white blood cells is to defend the body from foreign invaders such as microbes.
What is the name of the process which allows oxygen to move from the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs into the red blood cells?
Diffusion the process which allows oxygen to move from the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs into the red blood cells.
Starting with the mouth and nose follow the path of the oxygen molecule as it enters the blood.
An oxygen molecule travels into
the trachea,
the bronchi,
the alveoli (air sac)
tiny blood vessels called capillaries
& finally into the red blood cell.
What does muscular tissue do?
Muscular tissue is made of lots of muscle cells. They contract to move the body.
What problems can happen with heart valves and what is the solution?
Heart valves may become faulty, preventing the valve from opening fully/ develop a leak.
Faulty heart valves can be replaced using biological (from an animal or human donor) or mechanical (man-made) valves
What are cells?
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms
What is the job of an artery?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood under high pressure from the heart to respiring cells and tissues.