B4 - Organising Animals And Plants

Question 1

List the four components of blood

Answer 1

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma.

Question 2

State the function of red blood cells

Answer 2

Carry oxygen.

Question 3

State the 3 functions of white blood cells

Answer 3

Engulf pathogens, make antitoxins, make antibodies.

Question 4

State the function of platelets

Answer 4

Clot the blood.

Question 5

State the function of plasma

Answer 5

Transports substances around the body.

Question 6

Name the three types of blood vessel

Answer 6

Artery, vein, capillary.

Question 7

Describe the structure of an artery

Answer 7

Thick walls, lots of elastic tissue, small lumen.

Question 8

State the function of an artery

Answer 8

Carries oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart.

Question 9

Describe the structure of a vein

Answer 9

Thin walls, small amounts of elastic tissue, large lumen, valves to prevent backflow.

Question 10

State the function of a vein

Answer 10

Carries deoxygenated blood at a low pressure.

Question 11

Describe the structure of a capillary

Answer 11

Small lumen, walls one cell thick.

Question 12

State the function of a capillary

Answer 12

Links arteries and veins and helps with diffusion.

Question 13

List the 4 chambers in the heart

Answer 13

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.

Question 14

Describe where the 2 atria are found

Answer 14

At the top of the heart.

Question 15

Describe where the two ventricles are found

Answer 15

At the bottom of the heart.

Question 16

State which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood

Answer 16

Left.

Question 17

State which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood

Answer 17

Right.

Question 18

State the function of the valves in the heart

Answer 18

To stop the blood flowing backwards.

Question 19

Name the blood vessel that takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 19

Pulmonary artery.

Question 20

Name the blood vessel through which oxygenated blood is pumped to the body

Answer 20

Aorta.

Question 21

Explain why the human circulatory system is called a double circulation system

Answer 21

One loop takes blood to the lungs, the other takes blood to the body.

Question 22

List 3 methods of treating cardiovascular diseases

Answer 22

Drugs (statins), mechanical devices (stents, pacemakers, artificial valves/hearts), transplants.

Question 23

Define coronary heart disease

Answer 23

The narrowing of coronary arteries due to buildup of fat, reducing oxygen to the heart.

Question 24

Name 4 plant organs

Answer 24

Roots, stem, leaves, flowers.

Question 25

Name 3 tissues in a leaf

Answer 25

Upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll.

Question 26

State the function of the xylem

Answer 26

Transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.

Question 27

State the function of the phloem

Answer 27

Transport dissolved sugars from the leaves using translocation.

Question 28

Define stomata

Answer 28

Pores (holes) on the underside of a leaf controlled by guard cells.

Question 29

Define transpiration

Answer 29

Evaporation of water via the stomata.

Question 30

List 4 factors that affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 30

Light, temperature, wind, humidity.