B4- Natural Selection and Genetic Modification Flashcards
What is evolution?
The gradual change in a species over time
Who came up with the theory of natural selection to explain how evolution occurs?
Charles Darwin
What can individuals of the same species do, which individuals of different species cannot?
Reproduce viable offspring
What can be used to study human evolution over time?
Fossils
Why can’t fossils show smooth changes over time?
As not all fossils have been discovered yet.
Nickname for “Homo habilis”
Leaky 1
Nickname for “Ardipithecus remidus”
Ardi
Nickname for “Homo erectus”
Leaky 2
Nickname for “Australopithecus afarensis”
Lucy
How old is Lucy?
3.2 million years old
How old is Leaky 2?
1.6 million years old
How old is Ardi?
4.4 million years old
How old is Leaky 1?
2.4 - 1.4 million years old
Out of Ardi, Lucy and Leaky 2, which was the shortest?
Lucy
Do all of the four hominids walk upright?
Yes, although Lucy’s toes were more curved than the rest.
What else is evidence for human evolution?
Stone tools
When was the earliest evidence for stone tools being used by human-like animals found?
3.3 million years ago.
How can scientists age stone tools when they are found underground?
They can assume that the rock around the tool is the same age and then age the rock to find a rough estimate.
Are rocks closer to the surface of the Earth older or younger?
Younger
What are the 4 stages that lead to evolution?
Genetic Variation
Competition
Natural Selection
Inheritance
What is Genetic Variation?
When individuals in a population vary in their characteristics due to differences in their genes
What is the definition of Competition in biology?
When individuals compete for resources. Some individuals will be better adapted so will get more of the resources.
What is Natural Selection?
When individuals with better adapted variations are more likely to survive and reproduce.
What is Inheritance?
When the next generation of a species contain the better adapted genes in their genome.
What was the name of Charles Darwin’s book?
The Origin of the Species.
What was the name of Charles Darwin’s boat?
The Beagle.
Where did Charles Darwin stop to discover his theory of evolution?
The Golapogus Islands.
What did Charles Darwin find when he investigated the Golapogus Islands?
That finches on different islands had developed different beaks to be better adapted to capture and eat their primary food source.
Who was the other scientist that worked on similar theories to Darwin?
Alfred Russel Wallace.
Where did Alfred Russel Wallace travel to?
Indonesia.