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LTS KS3 Science > B4 Ecosystems > Flashcards

B4 Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What process do plants use to produce their own food?

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

What is the pigment that absorbs sunlight inside the leaf?

A

Chlorophyll

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3
Q

Which sub-cellular structures in a plant cell carry out photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

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4
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water → oxygen + glucose

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5
Q

What gas is produced during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

What are the two reactants involved in photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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7
Q

What are the two products involved in photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen and glucose

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8
Q

Give three uses for glucose in a plant.

A

Respiration, making cell walls and converting to starch for storage

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9
Q

What substance is used to test for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine

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10
Q

Name three adaptations of a leaf.

A

Large surface area, thin and contains chlorophyll

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11
Q

Explain why leaves have large surface areas.

A

To absorb more sunlight

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12
Q

Explain why leaves are thin.

A

To give a short diffusion pathway

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13
Q

Explain why leaves have chlorophyll.

A

To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

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14
Q

Name the five layers of a leaf.

A

Waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and lower epidermis

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15
Q

What are stomata?

A

Small gaps on the bottom of leaves

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16
Q

In which layer of a leaf are the stomata found?

A

Lower epidermis

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17
Q

What is the function of the stomata?

A

Allow oxygen to leave and carbon dioxide to enter the leaf

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18
Q

What are the guard cells?

A

Curved cells found on the bottom of leaves

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19
Q

What is the function of the guard cells?

A

To open and close the stomata

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20
Q

What is the waxy cuticle?

A

A thin layer found on the top surface of the leaf

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21
Q

What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

A

To stop water loss from the leaves

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22
Q

Name an adaptation of the palisade mesophyll cells.

A

Contain lots of chloroplasts

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23
Q

Explain why palisade mesophyll cells have lots of chloroplasts.

A

To absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the air spaces in leaves?

A

To allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf

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25
Q

What is a feeding relationship?

A

Which organisms eat each other

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26
Q

Why do organisms eat each other?

A

To get nutrients and energy

27
Q

What diagrams do scientists use to show feeding relationships?

A

Food chains

28
Q

What name is given to organisms that make their own food?

A

Producers

29
Q

Where do producers get their energy from?

A

The Sun

30
Q

In a food chain, what name is given to an organism that eats another organism?

A

Consumer

31
Q

In a food chain, which direction do the arrows point?

A

From the organism being eaten to the organism eating it

32
Q

In a food chain or web, why do the arrows point from the organism being eaten to the organism eating it?

A

To show the flow of energy

33
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

How toxic materials can build up in a food chain

34
Q

What name is given to organisms that eat animals?

A

Predators

35
Q

What name is given to animals that are eaten by other organisms?

A

Prey

36
Q

What happens to the number of prey if the number of predators increases?

A

The number of prey decreases as more are eaten

37
Q

What happens to the number of predators if the number of prey decreases?

A

The number of predators decreases as they starve

38
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An animal that eats plants

39
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An animal that eats other animals

40
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An animal that eats plants and animals

41
Q

What is the ‘population’ of an organism?

A

The number of that organism in a particular area

42
Q

What is interdependence?

A

How organisms depend on each other for survival

43
Q

What is a food web?

A

A group of interconnected food chains

44
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A way in which an organism suits its environment

45
Q

What is heredity?

A

The process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to another

46
Q

What is DNA?

A

A genetic code

47
Q

Where is DNA found in a cell?

A

In the nucleus

48
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Long chain of coiled DNA

49
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA coding for a protein

50
Q

In biology, what is variation?

A

Differences between organisms

51
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Differences caused by DNA

52
Q

What is environmental variation?

A

Differences caused by the environment

53
Q

State two examples of genetic variation in humans.

A

Eye colour and ear lobe shape

54
Q

State two examples of environmental variation in humans.

A

Scars and tattoos

55
Q

State two examples of variation caused by environmental and genetic variation.

A

Height, the foods a person likes to eat

56
Q

Why are we not genetically identical to our parents?

A

We inherit half of our DNA from each parent

57
Q

What do animals compete with each other for?

A

Food, mates, territory

58
Q

What do plants compete with each other for?

A

Light, water, minerals, space

59
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A feature that enables an organism to survive

60
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution occurs through which process?

A

Natural selection

61
Q

What is evolution?

A

A change in inherited characteristics of a population over time

62
Q

What are offspring?

A

The organisms produced in reproduction

63
Q

What is meant by biodiversity?

A

The range of different species in an area

64
Q

What is a species?

A

Organisms that have similar characteristics and can reproduce with each other to produce fertile offspring

LTS KS3 Science (4 decks)

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