B4 Bioenergetics

Question 1

<p>Where does <strong>photosynthesis</strong> take place?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of Plants and Algae</p>

Question 2

<p>Is Photosynthesis an <strong>Exothermic </strong>or <strong>Endothermic </strong>reaction?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Photosynthesis is <strong>endothermic </strong>meaning it <strong>requires energy</strong></p>

Question 3

<p>Where is the <strong>energy </strong>required for photosynthesis found?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Energy for photosynthesis is found from <strong>Sunlight</strong></p>

Question 4

<p>What is the <strong>symbol equation</strong> for photosynthesis?</p>

Answer 4

<p>6CO₂+6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂</p>

Question 5

<p>What are the <strong>factors </strong>that affect the rate of photosynthesis?</p>

Answer 5

<ul>
	<li>Carbon Dioxide Concentration</li>
	<li>Temperature Light Intensity</li>
	<li>Chlorophyll concentration</li>
</ul>

Question 6

<p>At what temperature do <strong>enzymes </strong>start to <strong>denature </strong>in plants for Photosynthesis?</p>

Answer 6

<p>After 45 degrees, enzymes start to denature</p>

Question 7

<p>What is a <strong>limiting factor</strong>?</p>

Answer 7

<p>A limiting factor is something that <strong>restricts </strong>the <strong>rate of reaction</strong></p>

Question 8

<p>What different products can <strong>glucose</strong> be turned into?</p>

Answer 8

<ul>
	<li>Starch</li>
	<li>Proteins</li>
	<li>Cellulose</li>
	<li>Lipids (Fats and Oils)</li>
</ul>

Question 9

<p>What isthe<strong> inverse square law</strong>?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Light intensity = 1/distance²</p>

Question 10

<p>What is <strong>energy </strong>needed for?</p>

Answer 10

<ul><li>Homeostasis</li><li>Growth</li><li>Movement (Muscle Contraction)</li></ul>

Question 11

<p>What is the <strong>symbol equation</strong> for <strong>respiration</strong>?</p>

Answer 11

<p>C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂→ 6CO₂+ 6H₂O (+ energy)</p>

Question 12

<p>Is <strong>respiration </strong>an <strong>endothermic </strong>or <strong>exothermic </strong>reaction?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Respiration is an <strong>exothermic </strong>reaction (Releases energy)</p>

Question 13

<p>What is the <strong>word equation</strong> for <strong>fermentation </strong><em>(anaerobic respiration in Plants and Yeast)</em>?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide</p>

Question 14

<p>What is the word equation for <strong>anaerobic</strong> respiration in <strong>animals</strong>?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Glucose → Lactic acid</p>

Question 15

<p>What is <strong>Metabolism</strong>?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Metabolism is the<strong> sum of all reactions</strong> that occur in an organism</p>

Question 16

<p>What are the responses the body does to increase the <strong>rate of respiration</strong>?</p>

Answer 16

<ul>
	<li>Increase in Breathing rate</li>
	<li>Increase in Breath volume</li>
	<li>Blood vessels dilate</li>
	<li>Increased heart rate</li>
</ul>

Question 17

<p>What is an <strong>Oxygen Debt</strong>?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Oxygen debt refers to the extra oxygen required after exercise to oxidise (combine with oxygen) lactic acid and remove it from cells</p>

Question 18

<p>What doesthe graph for rate of photosynthesis againsttemperature look like?</p>

Answer 18

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Question 19

<p>What doesthe graph for rate of photosynthesis against light look like?</p>

Answer 19

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Question 20

<p>What doesthe graph for rate of photosynthesis against Carbon Dioxide look like?</p>

Answer 20

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Question 21

<p>What is the method to investigate theeffect on light intensity on Photosynthesis?</p>

Answer 21

<ol><li>Set up a test tube rack containing a boiling tube at a distance of 10 cm away from the light source</li><li>Fill the boiling tube with the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution</li><li>Put the piece of pondweed into the boiling tube with the cut end at the top. Gently push the pondweed down with the glass rod</li><li>Leave the boiling tube for 5 minutes</li><li>Start the stop watch and count the number of bubbles produced in one minute</li><li>Record the results in a table</li><li>Repeat the count twice more. Then use the data to calculate the mean number of bubbles per minute.</li><li>Repeat steps <strong>1‒7</strong> with the test tube rack and boiling tube at distances of 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm from the light source</li></ol>

Question 22

<p>How do you set up the equipment to investigate theeffect on light intensity on Photosynthesis?</p>

Answer 22

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Question 23

<p>State the word equation for photosynthesis</p>

Answer 23

<p>Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen</p>

Question 24

<p>What energy transfer occurs in photosynthesis?</p>

Answer 24

<p>Light energy to chemical energy</p>

Question 25

<p>Describe how the inverse square law applies to light intensity and distance</p>

Answer 25

<p>The intensity of light is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the light source. E.g. if you halve the distance, the light intensity will be 4 times greater</p>

Question 26

<p>What does the inverse square law mean in practice when considering how plants grow?</p>

Answer 26

<p>When the light is moved twice as far from the plant it will receive a quarter of the energy</p>

Question 27

<p>Why can’t a commercial grower of plants just increase all three limiting factors of PHS to maximum levels to obtain optimum growth?</p>

Answer 27

<p>Light, temperature and CO₂ all cost money to supply - a balance between expenditure and income must be struck for a profit to be made</p>

Question 28

<p>Name three ways glucose produced in photosynthesis is used in plants</p>

Answer 28

<ul><li>Used for respiration</li><li>Converted into insoluble starch for storage</li><li>Used to produce fat or oil for storage</li><li>Used to produce cellulose which strengthens the cell wall</li><li>Used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis</li></ul>

Question 29

<p>What else, other than glucose, do plants need to produce proteins?</p>

Answer 29

<p>Nitrate ions</p>

Question 30

<p>Where are mineral ions absorbed from and through which plant organ?</p>

Answer 30

<p>From the soil, through the roots</p>

Question 31

<p>What is aerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?</p>

Answer 31

<p>Respiration <b>with</b> oxygen, in the mitochondria</p>

Question 32

<p>What is anaerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?</p>

Answer 32

<p>Respiration <b>without</b> oxygen, in the cytoplasm</p>

Question 33

<p>Is respiration an endo- or exothermic reaction?</p>

Answer 33

<p>Exothermic</p>

Question 34

<p>State the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration</p>

Answer 34

<p>C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O</p>

Question 35

<p>How have humans used our understanding of anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells in manufacturing?/p></p>

Answer 35

<p>Production of bread and alcoholic drinks</p>

Question 36

<p>Name three physical ways in which the human body reacts to an increased demand for energy</p>

Answer 36

<ul><li>Heart rate</li><li>Breathing rate</li><li>breathe volume</li></ul>

<p> all increase</p>

Question 37

<p>Why do heart rate, breathing rate and breathe volume increase when the body needs more energy?</p>

Answer 37

<p>To increase the oxygenation of the blood and to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood</p>

Question 38

<p>What does a build-up of lactic acid cause in muscles?</p>

Answer 38

<p>Muscle fatigue</p>

Question 39

<p>) Where is lactic acid converted back into glucose?</p>

Answer 39

<p>The liver</p>

Question 40

<p>How is lactic acid transported to the liver?</p>

Answer 40

<p>Via the blood</p>

Question 41

<p>What is produced when enzymes chemically break down carbohydrates?</p>

Answer 41

<p>Simple sugar monomers</p>

Question 42

<p>What is produced when enzymes chemically break down a lipid?</p>

Answer 42

<p>1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids</p>

Question 43

<p>What is produced when enzymes chemically break down proteins?</p>

Answer 43

<p>Amino acids</p>

Question 44

<p>What is <b>metabolism</b>?</p>

Answer 44

<p>The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body</p>

Question 45

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Answer 45

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Question 46

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Answer 46

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Question 47

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Answer 47

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