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Translational Physiology > B3W4 > Flashcards

B3W4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the local regulators of peripheral resistance that contribute to blood pressure?

A

nitric oxide, endothelin, hydrogen (that decreases pressure), oxygen, adenosine, prostaglandins

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2
Q

What are the two main characterizing topics of blood pressure

A

cardiac output and TPR

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3
Q

Arteries are ….. vessels

A

elastic

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4
Q

veins are …. vessels

A

compliant

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5
Q

arterioles are … vessels

A

highly resistant

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6
Q

capillaries are …. vessels

A

filtration vessels

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7
Q

explain compliance v elastance

A

higher elastance = more bounce back

high compliance = easier to stretch

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8
Q

Compare the veins and aorta’s wall thickness and elastic ability

A

veins = less elastic, thinner walls

aorta = more elastic, thicker walls

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9
Q

Flow, velocity and area relationship

A

flow = velocity * cross sectional area

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10
Q

a high p-MLC : total t-MLC

A

high contraction, high force, more XB

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11
Q

low p-MLC : total t-MLC

A

low concentration of XB, decreased force

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12
Q

how do cAMP and cGMP affect VSMC

A

-cAMP upregulates PKA for vasodilation

-cGMP upregulates PKG for vasodilation

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13
Q

An increase in transmural pressure causes…

A

constriction

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14
Q

What are the metabolites and their effects that communicate between endothelial cell and VSMC

A

endothelial - contraction

NO - dilation

adenosine - dilation

EDHF- dilation

prostaglandins - dilation

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15
Q

What are long term affects that could lead to chronic NOS production

A

cytokines response to infection, hypoxia, shear stress

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16
Q

Endothelium senses increases in …… pressure gradients leading to sheer stress

A

longitudal

17
Q

Compare long and short term responses to flow (blue figure)

A

short term: sheer stress response allows for Gq pathway to induce NO production to trigger dilation

long term: gene transcriptiono

18
Q

What does PDE do

A

breaks down cGMP to aid in vasoconstriction

19
Q

What do PDE inhibitors do

A

inhibit phosphodiesterase to stop the break down of cGMP to keep dilation

20
Q

what is a common PDE inhibitor

A

viagra

21
Q

Why would you not want to have a pt with PDE inhibitors take nitorglycerin

A

they are both vasodilators that have synergistic effects which would lead to excessive dilation

22
Q

how would you dx an endothelial dysfunction

A

FMD

23
Q

what are the main concerns when looking at endothelial dysfunction

A

there will be abnormal vasoconstriction due to

-decreased NO production
-decreased NO avaliability
-Oxidative stress leads to NO inactivation

24
Q

What are the circulations that are autoregulated?

A

cerebral, coronary and renal

25
Q

A change in CO2 in the brain would lead to

A

vasodilation

26
Q

When is skeletal muscle seeing the most blood flow

A

exercise

27
Q

how does skeletal muscle react to hypoemia

A

vasodilation to allow for more flow to allow for the most O2 it can get at once

28
Q

how do lungs react to hypoemia

A

vasoconstriction to allow for the O2 to move to vessels which are not compromised to complete O2 transfer into the body

29
Q

What blood supplies increase with exercise

A

skeletal muscle, heart, skin

30
Q

Red
Purple
Blue

tubes. what do they mean

A

red = no chelator for serum and chemistry analysis

purple = irreversible chelator (EDTA) for CBC

blue = reversible chelator with Ca for coagulation

31
Q

How do you calculate MCV

A

hct/RBC

32
Q

What does the MCV mean

A

mean corpuscle volume

33
Q

What does the MCH mean

A

mean corpuscle hemoglobin - average hemoglobin on each RBC

34
Q

what does MCHC mean

A

mean corpurlar hemoglobin concentration = average conc of heme

35
Q

Compare low, medium, and high MCV values when diagnosing anemia

A

Low (>80) : Thialessemias, iron deficency

Medium (80-100):
low reticulocytes:
bone marrow/renal
high reticulocytes:
acute blood loss, hemolytic anemia

High (>100):
B12
Folate

36
Q

Describe the MCV when classifying the three types of anemia

A

Low MCV = microcytic anemia
Normal: normocytic
High MCV= macrocytic

37
Q

What factor is an autosomal recessive disease and can be seen in both men and women

A

XI

Translational Physiology (8 decks)

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