B3.biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

list the chemical elements that make up lipids, carbohydrates and proteins

A

they all have carbon , oxygen and hydrogen but proteins also consist of nitrogen and sulphur

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2
Q

what are carbohydrates made of

A

glucose, starch

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3
Q

what are proteins made of

A

amino acid

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4
Q

what are lipids made of

A

fatty acids, glycerol

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5
Q

state what the iodine test is for and it’s potential results if positive or negative

A

for starch
if + blue/ black
if - orange/brown

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6
Q

state what the biuret test is for and it’s potential results if positive or negative

A

protein
if+ mauve
if - light blue

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7
Q

state what the Benedict test is for, the conditions to make it work and it’s potential results if positive or negative

A

for reducing sugar
needs to be heated
if + green-orange-red
if- deep blue

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8
Q

state what the ethanol test is for, the conditions to make it work and it’s potential results if positive or negative

A

for lipids
you need to dissolve the food in ethanol then pour it in the water
if + cloudy
if - clear

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9
Q

define what are enzymes

A

proteins that act like biological catalysts

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10
Q

state the effect of temperature on enzyme activity

A

increased sped up movements of enzymes and substrates
increased product formation
there’s an optimum temperature for each of them
if the temperature increases significantly if causes the enzyme to change shape because it vibrates so much that the substrate can no longer fit so the enzyme becomes denatured/ dead

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11
Q

define the effect of PH on enzyme activity

A

can cause enzymes to denature

can lower the activity therefore the rate of product formation

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