Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology B3 > B3.2.1 The blood system > Flashcards

B3.2.1 The blood system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A

The circulatory system transports substances around the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of?

A
  • The heart
  • The blood
  • Veins
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

There is one circulation solely for the lungs (in order to oxygenate the blood) and one for the rest of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is a double circulatory system important?

A

It can create higher pressures to transport blood further, allowing mammals to be bigger.

e.g. humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the heart mainly made of?

A

Muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

A

The right side of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood the the rest of the body?

A

The left side of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the 4 chambers that make up the heart.

A

Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What direction do veins carry blood?

A

Towards the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What direction do arteries carry blood?

A

Away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What separates the atrium and ventricle and what does it do?

A

Valves - prevent the back flow of blood + make sure blood flows in the right direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the vena cava?

A

The major vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the body tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

The major blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

The major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the aorta?

A

The major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the heart.

Start with deoxygenated blood entering.

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the RIGHT ATRIUM through the VENA CAVA.

The blood is pumped into the the RIGHT VENTRICLE through a VALVE.

The blood is pumped to the LUNGS through the PULMONARY ARTERY.

Oxygenated blood enters the LEFT ATRIUM through the PULMONARY VEIN.

The blood is pumped into the the LEFT VENTRICLE through a VALVE.

The blood is pumped to the body tissues through the AORTA.

17
Q

If someone has faulty heart valves, what are the two options of replacement?

A

Biological valves (donor)

Mechanical valves (man made)

18
Q

Give an advantage and a disadvantage of mechanical valves.

A

Pro - Very strong and durable - able to last a lifetime

Con - Damage red blood cells as they pass through the open valves

19
Q

When are artificial heart used and why?

A

Only used as a short-term measure to keep patients alive until a biological donor heart can be found.

They are not successful in the long term and are prone to blood clotting.

20
Q

Describe the properties of arteries.

A
  • Thick walls - to resist the high pressure of the blood
  • Thick layer of elastic fibres - to allow the artery to stretch and recoil when a surge of blood passes through it
  • Muscular wall - to allow blood to be diverted to where it is needed in the body
  • Narrow lumens
21
Q

Describe the properties of veins

A
  • Thin walls as they have blood with a lower pressure flowing through them
  • One-way valves in them to prevent blood flowing back in the opposite direction
  • Wide lumens
22
Q

What is the lumen?

A

The central cavity in a vein / artery

23
Q

What are stents?

A

Metal grids which can be inserted into an artery to maintain blood flow by keeping the artery open.

24
Q

Why could someone develop narrow lumens and require a stent?

A

Patients who have heart disease - the build-up of fatty deposits within the wall of the artery.

25
Q

What is used to insert a stent?

A

A catheter with a balloon attached to it.

26
Q

What are capillaries?

A

The smallest type of blood vessel that are adapted to allow the effective exchange of substances between the blood and the tissues of the body.

27
Q

How are capillaries adapted to be a good exchange surface?

A

They are one cell thick which gives a short diffusion pathway.

28
Q

What is tissue fluid?

A

A fluid that leaves the blood through the capillaries containing glucose, oxygen and amino acids.

29
Q

How does a cell get what it needs from tissue fluid?

A

Diffusion - the substances are always being used up in the cell so a concentration gradient is maintained.

30
Q

What substances leave the cell to be absorbed into the blood?

A

Carbon dioxide and urea.

Biology B3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions