B3.2 - Transport Systems In Plants And Animals

Question 1

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

To transport substances around the body

Question 2

Which vessels contain valves?

What is their functions?

Answer 2

Veins

Stop back flow of blood

Question 3

What is the function of a stent?

Answer 3

To open an artery that has become narrowed in order to allow efficient blood flow

Question 4

What is the difference between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation?

Answer 4

Pulmonary - flow of blood from heart –> lungs –> heart

Systemic - flow of blood around the rest of the body and back to the heart

Question 5

Why are capillaries so small?

Answer 5

To slow the blood and allow exchange of substances (eg. Oxygen and nutrients)

Question 6

Describe how blood flows through the heart

Answer 6

Vena cava –> right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> aorta –> rest of body

Question 7

Do arteries carry blood to or from the heart?

Answer 7

Away from the heart

Question 8

Do veins carry blood to or from the heart?

Answer 8

To the heart

Question 9

Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

What is the exception?

Answer 9

Deoxygenated

The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood

Question 10

Do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

What is the exception?

Answer 10

Oxygenated

Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood

Question 11

What is the oxygen level in an artery?

Answer 11

High oxygen level

Question 12

What is the oxygen level in a vein?

Answer 12

Low oxygen level

Question 13

What is the pressure in an artery?

Answer 13

High

Question 14

What is the pressure in a vein?

Answer 14

Low

Question 15

What is the size of the lumen (space) in an artery?

Answer 15

Narrow

Question 16

What is the size of the lumen (space) in a vein?

Answer 16

Large

Question 17

What is the structure of the walls in an artery?

Answer 17

Thick - contains elastin and muscle

Question 18

What is the structure of the walls in a vein?

Answer 18

Thin - contains collagen

Question 19

Name the four components of the blood

Answer 19

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

Question 20

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 20

Transport oxygen

Question 21

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 21

Part of the body’s defence system

Question 22

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 22

Help blood to clot

Question 23

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 23

Transports dissolved substances

Question 24

Name some dissolved substances the plasma transports

Answer 24

Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to all cells
Carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs
Urea from the liver to kidneys

Glucose
Amino acids
Vitamins
Hormones
Cholesterol
Carbon dioxide
Mineral ions
Antibodies

Question 25

What is the function of the xylem?

Answer 25

To transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.

Question 26

What is the function of the phloem?

Answer 26

To transport dissolved sugars around the plant

Question 27

Which way are substances transported through the xylem?

Answer 27

Up (roots --> rest of plant)

Question 28

Which way are sugars transported through the phloem?

Answer 28

Either. Transported through the whole plant in either direction

Question 29

Define transpiration

Answer 29

Movement of water through the xylem of a plant from the roots up to the leaves

Question 30

Define translocation

Answer 30

Transport of sugars made in photosynthesis in the leaf to areas of the plant that store them or use them

Question 31

What is the transpiration stream?

Answer 31

Movement of water from the roots up the stem and out the leaves to the stomata

Question 32

In what form is oxygen transported to the tissues and how it it released?

Answer 32

It combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin, which splits up to form haemoglobin and oxygen at the tissues.

Question 33

Explain how a red blood cell is adapted to its function

Answer 33

Contains haemoglobin - carries oxygen No nucleus - more space for haemoglobin Bacon cave shape - large surface area for more efficient exchange of oxygen

Question 34

What is the circulatory system made up of?

Answer 34

The heart Blood vessels Blood