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Biology > B3.2 - Transport Systems In Plants And Animals > Flashcards

B3.2 - Transport Systems In Plants And Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

To transport substances around the body

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2
Q

Which vessels contain valves?

What is their functions?

A

Veins

Stop back flow of blood

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3
Q

What is the function of a stent?

A

To open an artery that has become narrowed in order to allow efficient blood flow

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4
Q

What is the difference between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation?

A

Pulmonary - flow of blood from heart –> lungs –> heart

Systemic - flow of blood around the rest of the body and back to the heart

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5
Q

Why are capillaries so small?

A

To slow the blood and allow exchange of substances (eg. Oxygen and nutrients)

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6
Q

Describe how blood flows through the heart

A

Vena cava –> right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> aorta –> rest of body

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7
Q

Do arteries carry blood to or from the heart?

A

Away from the heart

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8
Q

Do veins carry blood to or from the heart?

A

To the heart

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9
Q

Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

What is the exception?

A

Deoxygenated

The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood

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10
Q

Do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

What is the exception?

A

Oxygenated

Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood

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11
Q

What is the oxygen level in an artery?

A

High oxygen level

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12
Q

What is the oxygen level in a vein?

A

Low oxygen level

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13
Q

What is the pressure in an artery?

A

High

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14
Q

What is the pressure in a vein?

A

Low

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15
Q

What is the size of the lumen (space) in an artery?

A

Narrow

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16
Q

What is the size of the lumen (space) in a vein?

A

Large

17
Q

What is the structure of the walls in an artery?

A

Thick - contains elastin and muscle

18
Q

What is the structure of the walls in a vein?

A

Thin - contains collagen

19
Q

Name the four components of the blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

20
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Transport oxygen

21
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Part of the body’s defence system

22
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Help blood to clot

23
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Transports dissolved substances

24
Q

Name some dissolved substances the plasma transports

A

Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to all cells
Carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs
Urea from the liver to kidneys

Glucose
Amino acids
Vitamins
Hormones
Cholesterol
Carbon dioxide
Mineral ions
Antibodies
25
Q

What is the function of the xylem?

A

To transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.

26
Q

What is the function of the phloem?

A

To transport dissolved sugars around the plant

27
Q

Which way are substances transported through the xylem?

A

Up (roots –> rest of plant)

28
Q

Which way are sugars transported through the phloem?

A

Either. Transported through the whole plant in either direction

29
Q

Define transpiration

A

Movement of water through the xylem of a plant from the roots up to the leaves

30
Q

Define translocation

A

Transport of sugars made in photosynthesis in the leaf to areas of the plant that store them or use them

31
Q

What is the transpiration stream?

A

Movement of water from the roots up the stem and out the leaves to the stomata

32
Q

In what form is oxygen transported to the tissues and how it it released?

A

It combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin, which splits up to form haemoglobin and oxygen at the tissues.

33
Q

Explain how a red blood cell is adapted to its function

A

Contains haemoglobin - carries oxygen
No nucleus - more space for haemoglobin
Bacon cave shape - large surface area for more efficient exchange of oxygen

34
Q

What is the circulatory system made up of?

A

The heart
Blood vessels
Blood

Biology (2 decks)

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