B3.2 Flashcards
Adrenaline
hormone released during stress. It causes changes which make the body ready for action
Auxin
plant hormone responsible for growth through cell elongation
Contraception
technique used to prevent pregnancy
Endocrine gland
gland which produces and secretes a hormone
Endocrine system
all the endocrine glands and the hormones they produce
Ethene
plant hormone that causes plant fruits to ripen by stimulating the conversion of starch into sugar
fertility treatment
technique used to increase a woman’s chance of getting pregnant
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone - female hormone that causes an egg to mature and stimulate the ovaries to produce oestrogen
Gibberellins
plant hormones that promote growth (particularly stem elongation) and end the dormancy period of seeds and
buds
Gravitropism
growth in response to gravity (also known as geotropism)
Homeostasis
maintenance of a constant internal environment
Hormone
chemical messenger which travels in the blood
luteinising hormone (LH)
female hormone which triggers ovulation
negative feedback
a system that detects a change in a condition. The system then acts to return conditions to the desired level
Oestrogen
female hormone that causes the lining of the uterus to build up
Ovulation
release of a mature egg from an ovary
Period
Loss of uterus lining
Phototropism
Growth in response to light
Progesterone
female hormone that maintains the uterus lining
Target organ
Organ a hormone has an effect on
Thyroxine
Hormone that controls metabolism
Tropism
Growth in response to an external stimulus
How is the brain involved in Homeostasis?
Coordinates response to external and internal stimuli
How are the lungs involved in Homeostasis?
Control amount of o2 and co2 in blood
How are the muscles involved in Homeostasis?
Can respond to environment (external), blood sugar level (internal)
How is the skin involved in Homeostasis?
Can control temperature and sense external environment (internal and external)
How is the pancreas involved in Homeostasis?
Can increase / decrease amount of glucose in blood (internal)
How are the kidneys involved in Homeostasis?
Can control amount of water in blood (internal)
How do thyroid hormones influence the metabolic rate ? (2)
- by stimulating almost every tissue in the body to produce proteins
- by increasing the amount of oxygen that cells use
Uterine lining
Builds up each month to prepare for a fertilised egg
Fimbriae
Catch the released egg and move it down the fallopian tubes
Cervix
Directs sperm into the uterus, allows flow of menstrual blood from uterus to vagina, and closes the entrance to uterus during pregnancy
Vagina
Receives the penis during intercourses, acts as a birth canal during birth
Uterus
Nurturing the fertilised ovum as it develops into a foetus until birth, muscular organ that contracts during childbirth
Ovary
Contains the eggs which a female is born with, gland with secretes oestrogen and progesterone
Uterine wall
Muscular wall to help push the baby out during childbirth
Fallopian tube
Transports egg from ovary to uterus each month
When does menstruation occur?
Between day 1 and 4
When does the lining of the uterus build up?
Between day 4 and 14
When is the lining maintained
Between day 14 and 28
When does the lining of the uterus break down
Day 28
Shoots are ….. phototropic and …….. gravitropic
Positively
Negatively
Roots are ….. phototropic and …….. gravitropic
Negatively
Positively
Which plant hormone is used to grow cuttings?
Rooting powder containing auxin stimulate root growth
Which plant hormone is used in tissue culture?
Auxin is added to induce the cluster to develop a shoot and root
Which plant hormone is used to kill weeds?
Auxin is used to grow the weeds too quickly so they are unable to sustain the high growth rate, causing them to die
Which plant hormone is used to ripen fruit
Ethene is sprayed on the fruit to encourage it to ripen
Which plant hormone is used to control seed dormancy?
Gibberellins
Which plant hormone is used to grow seedless fruit?
Gibberellins can be sprayed to stimulate fruit growth
What hormone stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen ?
FSH stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
FSH
What happens as oestrogen levels rise?
As oestrogen levels rise they inhibit FSH, prevents more than one egg maturing
What does oestrogen stimulate?
The pituitary gland to release LH
What inhibits LH?
Progesterone
