B3.1 - Cells & Microbes Flashcards
(Keywords)
What are the different parts of a plant cell?
Cytoplasm, Chloroplast, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Permanent vacuole, Rigid cell wall, Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
The gel-like substance where most chemical reactions take place
Where is cytoplasm found? (typical plant cell)
The small dots/space inside the cell wall, usually found with chloroplast
Chloroplast (typical plant cell)
An organelle within the cells of plants that help with photosynthesis
Mitochondria
Membrane-bound organelles that make most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions
Where is mitochondria found?
It’s found along with the cytoplasm. It is a small cell
Nucleus
organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes - the repository of genetic information and as the cell’s control center.
Where is the nucleus found?
It’s found within the rigid cell wall. It is typically larger than the other bits in the cytoplasm (such as chloroplast etc.)
Where is chloroplast found? (typical plant cell)
It’s usually found within the cytoplasm as a small loop, quite similar looking to mitochondria
Permanent vacuole (typical plant cell)
A fluid-filled sack that stores water
Where is the permanent vacuole found? (typical plant cell)
The permanent vacuole is usually seen as a blank space at the centre of the plant cell
Rigid cell wall (typical plant cell)
The wall that keeps every previously listed part of the cell in one place. It provides the cell with structural support, shape and protection
Where is the (rigid) cell wall found? (typical plant cell)
The cell wall is found around the outside of the cytoplasm. It’s quite obvious which one’s the cell wall when looking at a diagram
Cell membrane
The cell membrane provides protection for the cell (controls substances entering & leaving the cell)
Where is the cell membrane found?
The cell membrane is found next to the cell wall. It sort of looks like a second cell wall
List 2 things that you SHOULD do to keep yourself safe when doing an experiment
Possible answers (tell me if I’m missing any): Sterilise all apparatus before use, Tie your hair up (if possible), Wear gloves
List 2 things you should NOT do when doing an experiment
Possible answers (tell me if I’m missing any): Eat or drink during the experiment, Grow microbes that are known to be harmful, Mix different microbes on the same plate
What do we all do?
Eat, reproduce, breath/respirate, move, take in nutrition
What is MRS GREN?
MRS GREN is a list of things all living things must do to survive
M (Mrs Gren)
MOVEMENT - moving towards food or running away from predators
R (Mrs Gren)
RESPIRATION - (breathing) releasing energy from food stored chemicals
S (Mrs Gren)
SENSITIVITY - being able to detect your surroundings
G (Mrs Gren)
GROWTH - our bodies develop over time (usually getting bigger)
The second “R” (Mrs Gren)
REPRODUCTION - The ability to make offspring (make children/have sex)
E (Mrs Gren)
EXCRETION - (getting rid of waste) getting rid of carbon dioxide & others (e.g sweating)
N (Mrs Gren)
NUTRITION - feeding on food to gain energy
What is a cell?
A cell is a thing that all living organisms need to survive
Can cells be irregular?
Yes (different shapes, features etc.)
What is a microbe?
A microscopic sized organism that can cause illnesses or help us grow stronger
Fungi
An organism that contains yeasts and/or moulds (e.g mushrooms)
Protozoa
A “single-celled animal” that feeds on other microorganisms
Bacteria
Single celled organisms that are much smaller and simpler than other cells (nuclear membrane and have DNA in the cytoplasm)
Viruses
An infectious agent (e.g COVID-19)
Superbug
A strain of a microorganism that has become resistant to treatment
