B3.1

Question 1

cornea

Answer 1

-transparent coating in eye
-protects light from entering

Question 2

pupil

Answer 2

-black bit
-lets light enter
-dilates in dim light, contracts in bright light

Question 3

iris

Answer 3

-coloured ring of muscles
-relaxes/controls pupil

Question 4

lens

Answer 4

-transparent bio convex lens
-focuses light on rtina

Question 5

ciliary muscle

Answer 5

-ring of muscle tissue
-alters shape of lens

Question 6

suspensory ligaments

Answer 6

-ligament tissue
-connects ciliary muscles to the lens

Question 7

optic nerve

Answer 7

-nervous tissue
-carries nerve impulse to brain

Question 8

myopia

Answer 8

-short sightedness
-caused by lens being too strong/ eyeball too long
-fixed by conCAVE lens:
bends light rays outwards before they enter the eye

Question 9

hyperopia

Answer 9

-longsightedness
-lens is too weak/short eyeball
-fixed by conVEX lens:
light rays bend inwards

Question 10

focus on nearby objects

Answer 10

-ciliary muscles contract
-lens become more convex

Question 11

focus on faraway objects

Answer 11

-ciliary muscles relax
-convex lens (thinner)

Question 12

rods

Answer 12

-respond to light
-lets u see in dim light

Question 13

cone

Answer 13

-responds to colours

Question 14

how does light enter the eye

Answer 14

1)cornea refracts so focus is on incoming light
2)light passes by pupil
3)further refracted by lens
4)sharp image on retina
5)photoreceptors on retina produce impulse
6)impulse goes through optic nerve to the brain

Question 15

cerebrum

Answer 15

memory,senses, vocab, personality…etc

Question 16

cerebellum

Answer 16

muscle coordination, balance, posture (movement)

Question 17

medulla

Answer 17

auto actions, like heart rate and breathing

Question 18

hypothalamus

Answer 18

regulates temp and h20 balance

Question 19

pituitary

Answer 19

stores and releases hormones

Question 20

studying the brain

Answer 20

CT SCANS:
-use x-rays to create 3d images inside brain

MRI SCANS:
-use magnets to scan for abnormalities

Question 21

difficulties with brain researcg

Answer 21

-ethics about animal testing (can’t consent)
-difficult in getting people for case studies
-brain tissue is delicate and could be harmed easily

Question 22

Nervous system damage

Answer 22

caused by:
-injury
-disease
-genetic conditions
-toxic substances

Question 23

effects of nervous system damage

Answer 23

-can’t detect pain
-numbness
loss of coordination

Question 24

effects of nervous system damage (PNS)

Answer 24

-can’t detect pain
-numbness
loss of coordination

Question 25

CNS damage effects

Answer 25

-paralysis
-loss of body control
-memory loss
ALL DAMAGE IS PERMANENT!

Question 26

difficulties in repairing nervous system

Answer 26

-spinal cord has lots of nerves
-difficult to diagnose brain damage
Treatments:
-chemo/radiotherapy
-surgery
-deep brain stimulation

Question 27

SOME REPTILES SEE SEXY BIRDS SING REALLY MEDIOCRE ENERGETIC RAP

Answer 27

stimulus, receptor, sensory, spinal cord, brain, spinal cord, relay,motor, effector, response

Question 28

synapse

Answer 28

-impulse travels across first axon
-triggers nerve ending of neurone
-releases neurotransmitter
-diffuses across synapse
-binds with receptor on 2nd neurones membrane
-receptor molecules bind to neurotransmitters
-stimulates impulse in second neurone

Question 29

why are reflexes important i

Answer 29

-rapid automatic response to a stimulus
-minimises danger to the body from potentially harmful conditions
-bypass conscience thought