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IBI Test 3 > B3.048 Prework Hematologic Diagnostics > Flashcards

B3.048 Prework Hematologic Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

what is in plasma

A

water
electrolytes
plasma proteins

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2
Q

how does blood separate in a tube

A

plasma (top)
platelets
WBC
RBC (bottom)

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3
Q

main functions of blood

A

oxygen transport (RBC)
inflammation/immunity (WBC)
hemostasis (platelets, plasma)

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4
Q

what is hemoglobin composed of

A

iron + heme + globin

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5
Q

what is plasma made up of?

A

plasma = serum + coag factor proteins

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6
Q

what happens if you centrifuge blood without anticoagulant?

A

you separate clot (cells + coag factor proteins) from serum

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7
Q

which anticoags are used in hematology and coagulation

A

EDTA
citrate
heparin

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8
Q

how does EDTA work

A

chelates calcium in an irreversible and aggressive manner

calcium is required for clot formation, so EDTA prevents clot formation

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9
Q

how does citrate work

A

also inhibits calcium, but in a more gentle and stoichiometric ratio
if you add excess Ca2+ you can re-coagulate the blood

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10
Q

what lab tests do you do to evaluate oxygen transport functions of blood?

A 
CBC (EDTA)
retic count (EDTA)
blood smear (EDTA)
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11
Q

what lab tests do you do to evaluate inflammation/immunity functions of blood?

A 
CBC (EDTA)
diff count (EDTA)
blood smear (EDTA)
flow cytometry (heparin)
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12
Q

what cells are differentiated in the differential count?

A 
bands
neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
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13
Q

what are some features of a left shift?

A 
toxic granulation (visible primary granules)
Dohle bodies (areas of basophilia)
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14
Q

what is leukoerythroblastosis

A

left shift + circulating nucleated RBCs

occur due to bone marrow fibrosis or infiltration

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15
Q

what lab tests do you do to evaluate hemostasis functions of blood?

A 
CBC (EDTA)
tests of platelet function (citrate)
coag tests (citrate)
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16
Q

what are the coag tests

A

PT
PTT
TT
fibrinogen and other coagulation factor assays

17
Q

functional elements of hemostasis

A 
vascular wall
platelets
von Willebrand factor
coag factors
calcium
18
Q

extrinsic pathways factors

A

TF, 7

19
Q

intrinsic pathways factors

A

prekallikrein, HMWK, 12, 11, 9, 8

20
Q

common pathway factors

A

10, 5, 2 (prothrombin), 1 (fibrinogen)

21
Q

what screening tests evaluate platelets

A 
platelet count
platelet function (PFA-100, aggregation studies)
22
Q

how low do clotting factor levels have to be before you see an elevated PT, PTT or clinical risk of bleeding

A

levels less than 30-50% give abnormal tests

clinical bleeding at <10%

23
Q

what makes up BM?

A 
sinusoids
hematopoietic cells
fat
cells: fat = 1:1
myeloid: erythroid = 3:1
24
Q

what does a bone marrow aspirate evaluate

A

cellular morphology

cell counts

25
Q

what does a bone marrow biopsy evaluate

A

architecture

infiltrates

26
Q

what is an immunophenotype and how is it evaluated

A

assessment of lymphoid cells or blasts

flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry

27
Q

what are some genetic analysis tests for BM/lymph nodes

A 
cytogenetics
FISH
molecular techniques
-single/few = PCR, sanger
-many = next gen
28
Q

what makes up the cortex of the lymph nodes?

A

B cells
primary follicles - immunologically inactive
secondary follicles - immunologically active
-germinal center: centrocytes, centroblasts, tingible body macrophages, dendritic reticulum cells
-mantle zone

29
Q

what makes up the paracortex of the lymph nodes?

A

t cells

lymphocytes, macrophages, interdigitating reticulum cells

30
Q

what does a bone marrow biopsy evaluate

A

architecture, cell size and dist, infiltrates

31
Q

B lineage CDs

A

CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79a

32
Q

T lineage CDs

A

CD1, CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD4, CD8

33
Q

NK cells CDs

A

CD16, CD56, CD57

34
Q

myeloid lineage CDs

A

CD13, CD15, CD33, CD 34, CD117

IBI Test 3 (19 decks)

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