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IBI Test 4 > B3.039 - Prework Immune Cell Development > Flashcards

B3.039 - Prework Immune Cell Development Flashcards

1
Q

what are naive lymphocytes

A

lymphocytes that express antigen receptors but cant do anything

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2
Q

where do naive lymphocytes circulate and what do they do

A

amongst peripheral lymphoid organs surveilling for antigens

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3
Q

when do naive lymphocytes differentiate?

A

upon exposure to memory or effector cells

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4
Q

how do naive lymphocytes die

A

undergo apoptosis if they dont find their antigen within weeks to months

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5
Q

B cell effector cells do what

A

produce molecules that eliminate antigens

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6
Q

what do plasma cells do

A

produce antibodies in the peripheral lymphoid tissues

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7
Q

what do plasmablasts do

A

produce antibodies in blood stream

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8
Q

what do T cell effector cells do

A

produce molecules that eliminate antigens

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9
Q

CD4+ T helper cells do what

A

produce cytokines to activate B cells, macrophages and others

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10
Q

what do CD8+ T cytotoxic cells do

A

kill infected host cells

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11
Q

what is a lymph node

A

encapsulated aggregates of lymphoid tissue

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12
Q

what do lymphatic vessels carry

A

lymph that has drained from tissues to lymph nodes

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13
Q

Describe the role of APCs and lymph

A

APCs sample lymph for antigens to microbes

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14
Q

what do dendritic cells do with regards to lymph

A

dendritic cells capture antigens of microbes and transport hem to lymph node via the afferent lymphatic vessel

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15
Q

What is in the follicles of lymph nodes

A

B cells - periphery/cortex

Follicular dendritic cells

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16
Q

What is in the germinal center of a lymph follicle

A

B cells that have recently responded to an antigen

Site of antibody production

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17
Q

what is the site of antibody production

A

germinal center of follicle

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18
Q

What is in the paracortex of lymph nodes

A

T cells adjacent to the follicles

Dendtritic cells

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19
Q

where do naive T and B lymphocytes enter through

A

HEV high endothelial venule

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20
Q

what is the receptor on B cells that homes them to the follicle

A

CXCR5

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21
Q

what is the receptor that homes T cells to the paractorex

A

CCR7

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22
Q

plasma cells secrete what

A

antibodies into the blood stream and onto mucosal surfaces to bind microbes or their toxins

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23
Q

do plasma cells migrate to sites of infection

A

no

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24
Q

to effector T cells migrate to sites of infection

A

yes

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25
Q

what do non effector T memory T cells do

A

recirculated in the lymph node

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26
Q

in the spleen pathogens are coated by antibodies generated from where

A

the white pulp

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27
Q

what does the red pulp do

A

filters and removes microorganisms via phagocytes as well as old RBCs

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28
Q

what is PALS

A

periarteriolar lymphoid sheath that surrounds the splenic arteriole

29
Q

what is the white pulp made of

A

PALS and lymphoid follicles together

30
Q

what surrounds the white pulp

A

the red pulp

31
Q

what is the mantle zone of the spleen

A

ring of lymphocytes surrounding the germinal center

32
Q

what is the marginal zone

A

interface between the red pulp and white pulp where particulate antigen from circulation is trapped and presented to APCs

33
Q

what constitutes GALT

A

spleen

lymph nodes

34
Q

what is the function of GALT

A

trap pathogens and their secreted antigens that have entered through the GI tract
Presentation to naive lymphocytes passing through

35
Q

what do M cells do in the GALT

A

they are specialized epithelial cells that promote antigen transportation to underlying tissues

36
Q

what type of cells find antigen in the lamina propria and activate innate and adaptive immunity

A

dendritic
T cells
macrophages

37
Q

what are peyers patches

A

organized areas of lymphoid aggregates

38
Q

what antibody transports to the lumen to neutralize microbes

A

IgA

39
Q

what keeps T lymphocytes from attacking commensal microbes in the GALT/MALT and cutaneous lymphoid tissue

A

T regulatory cells and others

40
Q

what percentage of lymphocytes are in the GALT/MALT and cutaneous lymphoid tissue

A

25%

41
Q

the cortex of the thymus has what kind of cell

A

immature T lymphocytes that differentiate, undergo selection

42
Q

what type of cell is in the medulla

A

less T lymphocytes

undergo further selection and mature prior to leaving

43
Q

what are hassals corpuscles

A

within the medulla

flat keratinized degenrate epithelial cells

44
Q

What is the order of IgH rearrangement

A
  1. D to J recombination
  2. V to DJ
  3. V(D)J recombinase - a group of enzymes that mediate recombination
45
Q

what are lymphocytes specific enzymes of recombination

A

RAG-1 and RAG-2

TdT

46
Q

what are ubiquitously expressed enzymes for IgH rearrangement

A

DNA ligase IV and DNA-PK

47
Q

what do RAG1/2 mediate

A

combinatorial diversity

48
Q

what is mediated by TdT

A

Junctional diversity

49
Q

What is junctional diversity created by

A

addition/subtraction of nucleotides at the coding joint

50
Q

Autospecific B cells undergo what before destruction

A

a second kappa/lambda locus rearrangement

L chain gets replaced and then goes through selection again

51
Q

what is negative selection

A

if BCR editing doesnt succeed, undergo apoptosis

Most immature B cells die

52
Q

what is positive selection

A

becoming mature naive B cells

53
Q

what do most mature naive B cells express

A

IgM and IgD

54
Q

what do pro B cells express

A

RAG-1/2, TdT

55
Q

what do Pre B cells express

A

IgM and surrogate light chain

Re express RAG1/2

56
Q

what do immature B cells express

A

IgM and kappa or lambda light chain

57
Q

what do mature B cells express

A

IgM and IgD (most co express)

58
Q

what are TRECs

A

T cell receptor excision circles

59
Q

what do TRECs do

A

they are circular DNA formed by genomic rearrangement that occur during VDJ recombination

60
Q

what is the diagnostic usage of TRECs (qPCR)

A

newborn screening for immunodeficiency

Thymic output after HSCT

61
Q

What does having TRECs tell you

A

you have activated T cell receptors leaving the thymus

62
Q

What is a DN thymocyte

A

analogous to Pro and Pre B cells

63
Q

what is expressed by DN thymocytes

A

Pre TCR

64
Q

what is a DP thymocyte analogous to

A

immature B cell

65
Q

what is expressed by DP thymocyte

A

TCR alpha beta, CD4, CD8

66
Q

what are SP thymocytes analagous to

A

mature B cells

67
Q

how does positive selection for T cells work

A

TCR binds MHC peptide complexes in the thymus, only cells expressing a TCR that can bind MHC peptide can be positively selected

68
Q

what determines if a T cell will differentiate into CD4 or CD8

A

if the DP CD4/8+ expresses a TCR that recognizes MHC Class 1 then its CD8 and vice versa

69
Q

how does negative selection for T cells work

A

cells that fail to bind undergo apoptosis

IBI Test 4 (12 decks)

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