B3 -Transporting Materials Flashcards
Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?
Left.
Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle?
Left has to pump oxygenated blood around the rest of the body.
How does blood move in and out of the heart?
Deoxygenated blood from the body goes into the heart via the vena cava into the right atrium and ventricle. It then goes out to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs back into the heart via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and ventricle. It then goes out to the rest of the body via the aorta.
How is the heart muscle supplied with oxygenated blood?
Coronary arteries.
Describe an artery.
(Hint: Lumen, Walls, Direction, Blood)
- Small lumen.
- Thick muscular walls with elastic fibres.
- Carries blood away from the heart.
- Blood is oxgenated (except pulmonary artery).
Describe a vein.
(Hint: Lumen, Walls, Direction, Blood)
- Large lumen.
- Relatively thin walls.
- Carries blood towards the heart.
- Blood is deoxgenated (except pulmonary vein).
Describe a capillary.
(Hint: Lumen, Walls, Blood)
- Narrow lumen.
- Walls are one-cell thick.
- Carry blood through organs and allow exchange of substances with all the living cells in the body.
What is a stent?
A stent is a metal mesh-like ‘cage’ which can be used to keep a coronary artery open when it is being blocked by a plaque of cholesterol.
Why can a narrowed blood vessel cause problems for a person’s health?
If blood vessels are blocked or narrow the blood will not flow efficiently. Then organs will be deprived of nutrients and oxygen.
What is the problem with leaky heart valves?
Leaky valves mean the blood could flow in the wrong direction.
What are the two main types of replacement heart valves?
Mechanical or Tissue.
What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of a mechanical replacement heart valve?
A- Last a lifetime because they are strong.
D- Damages red blood cells so anti-blood clotting drugs must be used for the rest of life.
What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage to a tissue replacement heart valve?
A- Do not damage red blood cells, so no need to take anti-blood clotting drugs.
D-Must be replaced every 10-20 years.
What does blood plasma transport?
The fluid plasma contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Blood plasma transports many substances including:
- Carbon dioxide from organs to the lungs.
- Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine or other organs.
- Urea from the liver to the kidneys where urine is made.
How do red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells?
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin in the lungs.
They then carry this to all the organs/cells where the oxyhaemoglobin splits into oxygen and haemoglobin.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of artificial hearts?
A- Do not need to match the person’s tissue.
A- No need for immunosuppressant drugs.
D- Problems with blood clotting.
D- Long stays in hospital.
D- Expense.
