B3 MSK

Question 1

Coxa Vara

Answer 1

Decreased angle of inclination, les than 120
Short leg, limp, waddle
Increase stress femoral neck

Question 2

Coxa Valga

Answer 2

Angle inclination increased, above 135
Intwbility, abnormal gait, predispose dislocate
Reduce adductor muscle effective

Question 3

Strongest ligament body

Answer 3

iliofemoral (y shape)
Resist hyper extension
Upper lateral restrict excess external rotation and adduction
Frontal medial restriction extension and internal rotation
From AIIS

Question 4

Weakest hip ligament

Answer 4

Ischiofemoral ligament
Posterior reinforce
Attach acetabular rim to femoral neck and greater trochanter

Question 5

Hip dislocation

Answer 5

90% posterior
Acetabulum deeper anterior
Ischiofemoral (posterior) weakest ligament
Limp shorter, flexed, adducted, medial rotate

Question 6

Posterior hip dislocation X-ray

Answer 6

Head superolateral to scetabulum
May seem smaller

Question 7

Anterior hip dislocation zray

Answer 7

Inferior head
Seem larger
Limb flex, abduct. Lateral rotation

Question 8

Blood supply head/neck femur

Answer 8

Medial circumflex artery
Often torn or lead to necrosis
Head femur get acetabular branch

Question 9

Blood supply head/neck femur children

Answer 9

Obturator artery posterior branch give acetabular branch

Question 10

Femoral neck fracture

Answer 10

Mostly from osteoporosis
10% die in month, 33% die in year
Typically cause upward displacement due to glute muscles

Question 11

Femoral a vascular necrosis

Answer 11

Bone tissue dies
Retinacular arteries upply femoral head easy damage
Especially if surgery delayed or displaced

Question 12

Extracapsular fracture

Answer 12

Easy unite
Rare cause a vascular necrosis

Question 13

Tibias fracture

Answer 13

Most common middle & inferior shaft
Poor blood supply
Compound fracture common with high energy trauma

Question 14

Stress fracture tibia

Answer 14

Very common long hikes without conditioning

Question 15

Diagonal tibial fracture

Answer 15

Severe torsion in skiing most common
Limb shortening
High speed forward fall over boot
Call boot top fracture

Question 16

Q angle

Answer 16

ASIS to patella & middle patella to head femur
Greater in women
Normal around 10 degree

Question 17

Genu varus

Answer 17

Bow leg
Weight bear medial knee\lol over stress
Smaller Q angle

Question 18

Genu valgus

Answer 18

Knock knee
Weight bear lateral
Mcl over stretch, excess stretch lateral meniscus & cartilage lateral femoral and tibial condyle
Particular even more lateral with extension
Larger Q angle

Question 19

Patella femoral dysfunction

Answer 19

Common call runner knee
Overuse
Direct trauma
Osteoarthritis
Weak vastus medialis
Tight Vastus lateralis or It band
Increasing Q angle can cause

Question 20

Housemaid knee

Answer 20

Inflammation of prepatellar bursae
Repeat kneel or trauma front knee

Question 21

Clergyman knee

Answer 21

Inflammation of deep infrapatellar bursae
Pain and swelling below kneecap

Question 22

Baker cyst

Answer 22

In politesl fossa
Synovial effusion between semimembranosis and medial head gastroc
Common kids but no issues
Large in adults, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or injury

Question 23

Most common knee injury

Answer 23

Ligament sprain
ACL hyper extension
PCL land tibial tuberosity with knees flex

Question 24

High ankle sprain

Answer 24

Involves syndesmosis between tibia and fibula

Question 25

Maizonneuve fracture

Answer 25

Spiral fracture of proximal tibia & unstable ankle injury
Often disrupt distal talofibular syndesmosis & fracture medial malleolous

Question 26

4 parts of deltoid ligament

Answer 26

Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneum
Posterior tibiotalar
Anterior tibiotalar

Question 27

Injury deltoid ligament

Answer 27

Super strong ligament
Prevent excess eversion & subluxation
Often scullion fracture of medial malleolous rather than ligament tear

Question 28

Posterior talofibular ligament (lateral significance)

Answer 28

Strongest of lateral ligaments
Rarely isolated injury

Question 29

Significance plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

Answer 29

Medial longitudinal arch support
Prevent head of talus downward displace
Smooth weight transfer & propulsion

Question 30

Chopart amputattion

Answer 30

Surgery with disarticulation though transverse tarsal joint
Severe trauma/infection forefoot
This joint helps flexibility/adaptability in gait

Question 31

Weight bear in foot

Answer 31

50% posterior to calcaneus
50% anterior to metatarsals (mostly 1st)
Arches do shock absorb, store/release energy
Muscles help move & support arches

Question 32

Medial longitudinal arch

Answer 32

Highest, more prominent
Primary weight bear
Calcaneus, talus (critical), navicular, 3 cuneiforms, 3 metatarsals
Tibialis posterior & anterior
Fibularis longus tendon

Question 33

Lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 33

Much flatter
Rat on ground in standing
Calcaneus, cuboid(key), fourth and fifth metatarsal

Question 34

Transverse arch

Answer 34

Across foot
Cuboid, three cuneiforms (intermediate key), base of metatarsals
Medial & longitudinal are pillars
Distribute weight on forefoot for uneven terrain
Passive support by bone
Active support by tendon fibularis longus & tendon tibialis posterior

Question 35

Bunion/hallux valgus

Answer 35

Bony protuberance medial first MTP
lateral deviation Hallux
Pain, swell, inflame
Enlarge over time
1st MTP bones out of alignment
Metatarsals medial. Phalanx of hallux lateral
Prolong use narrow heels, osteoporosis, flat feet