B3 lungs, Heart and Blood Flashcards
Place where gas exchange takes place.
Lungs or alveolus or capillaries in tissues
Give three adaptions shown by the alveolus to allow efficient gas exchange.
Thin walls
Large surface area
Short diffusion distance / capillaries very close to alveolus
Name the tubes through which air moves when breathing in.
Trachea –> bronchus –> bronchioles -> alveolus
Name the cell used to transport oxygen round the body.
Red blood cell
Give adaptations shown by red blood cells.
Large surface area to collect oxygen
No nucleus
Haemoglobin
Name four chemicals that are transported by the plasma.
Carbon dioxide
Urea
Digested food
Hormones.
What is the function of white blood cells?
Kill bacteria and viruses or pathogens.
Note - they do not fight disease.
Give two ways in which white blood cells kill pathogens.
Engulf and digest pathogens.
Make antibodies.
Give function of the platelets.
Clot the blood to form a scab.
Name the gas that is is absorbed by the blood in the lungs.
Oxygen
Which gas is transported out of the blood and is breathed out?
Carbon dioxide
Name the two top chambers in the heart.
Right and left atrium
Name the lower two chambers in the heart
Right and left ventricle
Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary artery
Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
Aorta
Name the blood vessel that brings blood from the body to the heart.
Vena cava
Name the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood form the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary vein
Give the function of the arteries
Carry blood ways from the heart.
Give the function do the veins.
Carry blood to the heart.
Describe the wall of an artery and give a reason for each feature.
Thick - to withstand the pressure of the blood.
Elastic - to stretch as the pulse of blood passes.
Muscular - to recoil (return to original shape) after a pulse of blood has passed.
Describe the structure of a vein and give a reason for each feature.
Thin wall - blood under low pressure so no need to build a thick wall.
Valves - stop the back flow of blood.
Describe the wall of a capillary and give a reason for the feature.
Walls one cell thick - allows efficient exchange of materials
Walls are leaky - allows fluid to leave the blood and pass oxygen and food to the cells.
What is the function of the capillaries?
Allows food and oxygen to leave the blood and go to the cells.
Allows carbon dioxide and waste products to move from the cells into the blood.
Why is the left ventricle wall thicker fan the right ventricle wall?
Left ventricle pumps blood all the way round the body. Wall needs to be muscular to do this.
Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs which are very close. These walls do not need to be as strong.
