B3 Infection And Response Flashcards
What are communicable diseases caused by?
Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protists, and fungi
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that can cause disease
How can diseases spread?
From person to person, can infect animals and plants
How do pathogens spread via air?
When we cough or sneeze
What disease is associated with contaminated water?
Cholera
What disease is commonly associated with contaminated food, especially from chickens?
Salmonella
What is an example of a disease spread through direct contact?
Athlete’s foot
What are two methods to stop pathogens from spreading?
- Hygiene practices
- Killing vectors like mosquitoes
What is a vector in the context of disease transmission?
An organism that carries disease
What is the size comparison of viruses to animal cells?
Viruses are 10,000 times smaller than animal cells
Are viruses considered living organisms?
No, they are not cells and are not living
How do viruses reproduce?
By entering a cell, using its structures to multiply, then bursting the cell
What is measles and how is it spread?
A disease spread through droplets when someone sneezes or coughs
What are the symptoms of measles?
Red rash and fever
Is measles common in the UK?
Rare, almost everyone is vaccinated
What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
How is HIV transmitted?
Through sexual contact or exchanging bodily fluids
What does HIV affect in the human body?
Weakens the immune system
True or False: HIV is the disease.
False, HIV is the virus, the disease caused is AIDS
What is AIDS?
A disease that can occur when HIV becomes serious
What type of drugs are used to prevent HIV from multiplying?
Antiretroviral drugs
