B3 Human Nutrition Flashcards
These flash cards are on Human nutrition and digestion. You need to be familiar with page 7-8 of 'Ard Facts.
Scurvy might be caused by a diet low in…
Vitamin C
In the olden days, sailors denied fresh fruit could get scurvy. It caused bleeding gums and death!
Which of these foods is rich in the mineral calcium? Pork, lemon, olive oil or milk?
Milk
All dairy products contain lots of calcium.
During digestion starch is broken down into…
Glucose (a type of sugar)
A diet containing of lots of sugar and fat is most likely to cause…
Obesity
Being obese means you are seriously overweight.
How might your body be affected if you ate a diet low in calcium?
Weak bones and teeth.
Constipation can be avoided by eating a diet with plenty of…
Fibre
Being constipated means you can’t poo_
In the small intestine food is __________ and soluble products are __________ into the blood. After passing through the large intestine, unwanted products are __________ .
Digested (or broken down)
Absorbed (or passed, diffused)
Egested (NOT excreted)
When testing a food for starch we use…
Iodine solution
In the human body carbohydrates are used for…
Instant energy
Food which the body cannot digest is…
Egested
After Digestion comes Egestion! It’s not excretion because poo is not actually made in the body - it’s just food you couldn’t digest.
Chemicals produced by the body which help digestion take place are called…
Enzymes
They break insoluble food into soluble food, so that the body can absorb it.
Which of these foods contains a lot of vitamin C? Steak, ice cream, orange or pasta?
Orange
Citrus fruits all contain lots of Vitamin C.
Digestion begins in the mouth thanks to an enzyme called amylase present in…
Saliva
Amylase breaks down starch into sugars.
During respiration the food nutrient most likely to be used up is…
Carbohydrate (such as starch or sugar)
If your body has to respire protein (from your muscles) you are seriously malnourished.
In the human body fats can be used for…
Insulation
Insulation keeps the body warm in cold conditions.
In the human body proteins can be used for…
Muscle growth
If you eat enough protein and you exercise, muscles get bigger.
Why should the diet of a human contain fibre?
To avoid constipation.
Being constipated means you can’t poo.
Which of these foods contains a lot of carbohydrates? Potato, bacon, fish or butter?
Potato
They are full of starch.
Which of these foods contains a lot of protein? Rice, apple, fish or cream?
Fish
Why should adults be careful how much animal fats they eat?
Certain animal fats can build up in the arteries which supply the heart. Too much can lead to heart disease or heart attacks.
How might your body be affected if you ate a diet low in vitamin C?
You could get scurvy. It causes bleeding gums, poor skin and, eventually, death.
Fibre is a type of carbohydrate. Name two others.
Starch and sugar.
Fibre is a special carbohydrate because humans can’t digest it.
Children growing healthy bones need food containing…
Calcium
Which of these foods is rich in the mineral calcium? Cheese, pork, grapefruit or vegetable oil?
Cheese
All dairy products contain lots of calcium.
Which of these foods contains a lot of fat? Bread, banana, chicken or butter?
Butter
A diet low in carbohydrates and fat is most likely to cause…
Malnourishment
If you are malnourished you are likely to be underweight.
Name two type of teeth in humans and explain what job each is best suited to.
Incisors: cutting food
Canines: gripping and tearing food
Molars and pre-molars: grinding food
Suggest three things you could do to reduce the risk of tooth decay.
Brush your teeth for two minutes twice a day.
Use a toothpaste containing fluoride.
Eat fewer sugary foods.
Avoid snacking between meals.
How would you prove that a certain type of food contained starch?
Use iodine solution. It starts yellowy red and goes blue or black when starch is present.
Which of these is a carbohydrate? Glucose, olive oil, vitamin C or water?
Glucose
Sugar is made from glucose.
A type of tooth best suited to gripping and tearing food is…
Canine
In the human body proteins can be used for…
Repairing the body
Damaged muscles are repaired and strengthened by protein from your diet.
Beef steak is a good source of…
Protein
Which of these is a carbohydrate? Potato, starch, pasta or bread?
Starch
The others are foods (which all happen to be rich in carbohydrates).
Which of these is a carbohydrate? Cola, rice, glucose or porridge?
Glucose
The others are foods/drinks (which all happen to be rich in carbohydrates).
