B3 Exchange & Transport In Plants & Animals Flashcards
Explain the difference between diffusion and osmosis
-Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is described as moving down a concentration gradient. -Osmosis is the overall movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
Explain why a long distance runner should choose a isotonic drink rather than cola
A long distance runner should choose an isotonic drink rather than cola because the drink will provide and replace the lost mineral ions through sweating and breathing. The isotonic drink has the same concentration of minerals in body as it does in the drink whereas the cola will not replace any of the ions lost from the body.
Explain why active transport requires energy, whereas diffusion and osmosis doesn’t
Active transport requires energy because it is pumping particles, such as proteins, ions and sugar molecules, against a concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
2 Adaptations to the villi that helps the small intestine function
Sticks out and gives a big surface area and they also contain blood capillaries to carry away the absorbed food molecules.
Identify the main parts of the breathing system
Supplies the body with oxygen, which provides energy to the cells. Removes carbon dioxide from the blood stream.
Describe how the roots are adapted for efficient exchange
Root hair- A great surface area which allows water and mineral ions to be exchanged. The tube-like protrusion can penetrate between soil particles, reducing the distance across which water and mineral ions must move. The root hair cell contains lots of mitochondria, which release energy from glucose during respiration in order to provide the energy needed for active transport.
Describe how the leaves are adapted for efficient exchange
Flattened shape- Larger surface area to absorb light and carbon dioxide.
Thin- Short diffusion distance for carbon dioxide to diffuse into leaf cells, and oxygen to diffuse out of leaf cells.
Stomata- Can open to allow diffusion of carbon dioxide into the leaf from the atmosphere, and the diffusion of oxygen and water vapour out of the leaf.
Describe how roots are adapted for efficient exchange
The role of the roots is to absorb water from the soil by osmosis and dissolve mineral ions from the soil by active transport. … Root hair cells have several adaptations: the tube-like protrusion provides a greater surface area across which water and mineral ions can be exchanged.
Suggest how more stomata on the lower surface of leaves help the plant survive better
The rate of evaporation would dramatically increase due to exposure to direct sunlight. Therefore, the plant would wilt and die quicker.
Define transpiration & state how the rate is affected by the environment (hot, windy, etc…)
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.
Explain the meaning of the term ‘double circulatory system’
This means that we have two loops in our body in which blood circulates. One is oxygenated, meaning oxygen rich, and the other is oxygenated, which means it has little to no oxygen, but a lot of carbon dioxide.
Structure of the heart
The heart is divided into four chambers consisting of two atria and two ventricles; the atria receive blood, while the ventricles pump blood. The right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavas and the coronary sinus; blood then moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs.
Name the blood part which carries most oxygen
red blood cells
name the main components of blood and their function
- transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues.
- forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.
- carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection.
- bringing waste products to the kidneys and liver, which filter and clean the blood.
- regulating body temperature.
Use of stents and artificial hearts
A stent is a small mesh tube that’s used to treat narrow or weak arteries. A stent is placed in an artery as part of a procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), also known as coronary angioplasty. PCI restores blood flow through narrow or blocked arteries. A stent helps support the inner wall of the artery in the months or years after PCI.
