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Biology - Unit 3 > B3 - Circulatory System > Flashcards

B3 - Circulatory System Flashcards

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0
Q

Describe what happens to the blood in the heart

A

It comes into the vena cava, and is pumped through the right atrium, right ventricle and out of the pulmonary artery to be oxygenated

It comes back into the heart via the pulmonary vein and is pumped through the left atrium, left ventricle and out through the aorta to the rest of the body

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1
Q

What is the heart a double circulatory system?

A

One circuit goes around the body and one goes from the heart to the lungs and back

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2
Q

What is unusual about heart diagrams?

A

The left of the diagram is the right atrium and ventricle and vice versa

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3
Q

How the atria and ventricles pump the blood around the circulatory system?

A

They are made from muscle tissue that contracts which pumps the blood

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4
Q

What are valves and where are they found in the circulatory system?

A

They stop blood from flowing in the wrong direction

They are found between each atrium and ventricle and before the pulmonary artery and the aorta

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5
Q

What are the 3 different types of blood vessel and what are their basic functions?

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Veins carry blood to the heart

Capillaries are involved in the exchange of materials and split off from the arteries and veins

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6
Q

What are the 3 properties of an artery?

A

They are made from thick layers of muscle to make them strong and elastic fibres to allow them to stretch

Their walls are very thick

They pump blood away from the heart at high pressure

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7
Q

What are the 3 properties of capillaries?

A

Arteries branch into capillaries and capillaries join back up into veins

They carry blood very close to every cell in the body to exchange substances with them

They have thin, permeable walls so that substances can diffuse in and out

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8
Q

What are the 3 properties of veins?

A

They carry blood back to the heart at low pressure

They have thinner walls and larger centres than arteries because the pressure is lower

They have valves to stop blood flowing in the wrong direction

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9
Q

What are the 4 components of blood?

A

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

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10
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

They carry oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body

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11
Q

Why do red blood cells have a concave shape?

A

So that the surface area is larger meaning that oxygen is absorbed better

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12
Q

What don’t red blood cells have a nucleus?

A

So that more oxygen can be held as there is more space without the nucleus

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13
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A red pigment in red blood cells that combines with oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhaemoglobin

In body tissues, oxyhaemoglobin is split back into its constituents

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14
Q

What 3 things do white blood cells do?

A

They can change shape to engulf microorganisms

They can produce antibodies and antitoxins to fight microorganisms

They can detect unfamiliar microorganisms with the antigens on their surface

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15
Q

What are platelets?

A

Fragments of cells that help the blood to clot at wounds

16
Q

What is the plasma?

A

A liquid that contains everything carried by the blood that is not oxygen including the cells and platelets themselves

17
Q

What 5 things does the plasma carry? (not including cells, platelets or oxygen)

A 
Glucose
Protein (NOT AMINO ACIDS)
Carbon dioxide (waste)
Urea (waste)
Hormones
18
Q

What is artificial blood?

A

A temporary blood substitute that can keep someone alive until they have a blood transfusion

19
Q

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

A

To get food and oxygen to every cell in the body and to carry waste products to where they can be removed

20
Q

What is the most commonly used chemical for artificial blood?

A

A salt solution like saline

21
Q

What is the main advantage of replacing a damaged heart with an artificial heart?

A

It can’t be rejected by the immune system because it is mechanical

22
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

When the arteries are blocked up by fatty deposits

23
Q

What are stents?

A

Tubes that are inserted into arteries to keep them open and unblocked to strongly lower the risk of coronary heart disease

24
Q

What are artificial valves?

A

Mechanical replacements for valves in the heart

25
Q

What is the disadvantage of artificial valves?

A

The surgery needed to insert them is very large and dangerous and there can be problems with blood clots

26
Q

What is the disadvantage of stents?

A

The arteries can narrow again and drugs must be taken to stop blood clotting on the stents

Biology - Unit 3 (9 decks)

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