B3 Flashcards
Why do Villi have a large surface area?
So that DIGESTED food is ABSORBED into the blood much more quickly.
What are root hairs specialised for?
Absorbing WATER and MINERALS.
What is the function of the Capillaries?
To take CARBON DIOXIDE and other WASTE MATERIALS away.
AND
To deliver FOOD and OXYGEN to each cell by DIFFUSION.
What is reabsorption?
Where USEFUL SUBSTANCES(e.g. SUGAR, SUFFICIENT IONS, SUFFICIENT WATER) are reabsorbed back into the blood as the liquid flows across the NEPHRON.
What is a NEPHRON?
FILTRATION UNITS in the KIDNEYS.
What happens in ULTRAFILTRATION?
HIGH PRESSURE BUILD UP that SQUEEZES: WATER, UREA, IONS, SUGAR…
…out of the blood into the BOWMAN’s CAPSULE.
What do MEMBRANES between the BOWMAN’s CAPSULE and BLOOD VESSELS do?
Act like FILTERS, so that BIG MOLECULES such as: PROTEINS and BLOOD CELLS…
…are not squeezed out.
To stop the NEW KIDNEY getting ATTACKED by ANTIBODIES what 3 actions are taken?
- DONORS with a CLOSELY MATCHED TISSUE TYPE are chosen.
- BONE MARROW is ZAPPED with RADIATION to stop WHITE BLOOD CELLS being produced… So they won’t attack the new kidney.
- DRUGS are taken to SUPPRESS the IMMUNE SYSTEM.
Why do DIALYSIS MACHINES have to be used REGULARLY?
to keep the concentrations of DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES in the blood at a NORMAL LEVEL, and to REMOVE WASTE SUBSTANCES.
What is the SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE BARRIER permeable to?
iONS and WASTE SUBSTANCES, but NOT BIG MOLECULES like PROTEINS.
How is PENICILLIN made?
by growing MOULD in FERMENTERS.
What is needed for MICROROGANISMS to strive in a FERMENTER?
- Right pH
- STERILE CONDITIONS
What is MYCOPROTEIN?
FOOD from FERMENTERS.
What is BIOGAS made by?
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION of WASTE MATERIAL.
What do both types of BIOGAS generators(BATCH and CONTINUOUS GENERATORS) have to be kept at to work properly?
CONSTANT TEMPERATURE.
