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B3 Flashcards

1
Q

What passes along nerve cells

A

electrical impulses

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2
Q

What is the gap between two neurones called?

A

Synapse

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3
Q

What is released across a synapse?

A

Chemical signals

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4
Q

What is the role of a receptor?

A

To detect a stimuli

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5
Q

What is the role of a sensory neurone?

A

To transfer a signal from a receptor to the CNS

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6
Q

What is the role of a motor neurone?

A

To transfer a signal from the CNS to an effector

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7
Q

What is the role of a relay neurone?

A

To transfer a signal from a sensory neurone to a motor neurone

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8
Q

What is a reflex?

A

An automatic response to stimulus

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9
Q

What is the reflex pathway arc

A

stimulus ➔ receptor ➔ sensory neurone ➔ relay neurone ➔ motor neurone ➔ effector ➔ response

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10
Q

What are the two main types of effectors?

A

Glands

Muscles

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11
Q

Reflexes are

A

fast
Automatic

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12
Q

Blinking when you get dust in your eye
Sneezing
are examples of…..

A

Refelxes

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13
Q

Why are reflexes important?

A

They protect us from harm

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14
Q

does the reflex arc involve the brain

A

No it doesnt

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15
Q

What is the role of the effector

A

The effector then causes a protective response against the stimulus. The effector can be a muscle or a gland.

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16
Q

How many hemispheres is the cerebral cortex split into?

A

2 halves

hemi means half

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17
Q

What are the roles of the cerebral cortex?

A

Memory
Interpreting senses like hearing & vision
Consciousness
Emotions

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18
Q

What are the roles of the cerebellum?

A

Muscle coordination
Balance

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19
Q

What is the medulla is responsible

A

for coordinating unconscious activities, such as regulating our breathing rate and heart rate

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20
Q

What is the hypothalamus is responsible for?

A

Regulating our body temperature.

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21
Q

Where in the brain is the medulla found?

A

In the brain stem

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22
Q

How can scientists find out what parts of the brain do?

A

Study people with brain damage
Electrically stimulate different parts of the brain
Scan the brain, using CT, PET, MRI, or fMRI scanners

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23
Q

What are the three main reasons treating the brain is so difficult?

A

There is a huge range of things that can go wrong, from mental illness to infection
It is encased within the skull, so is hard to access
It is very complicated, so hard to target with medications

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24
Q

What is the cornea?

A

A transparent layer at the front of the eye which refracts light

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25
What does the brain controll?
Complex behaviour
26
What part of the brain controlls homeostasis
Hypothalamus
27
What does the pituatry gland produce?
Produces important hormones
28
What is the name of the nerve that leaves the eye
Optic Nerve
29
What type of organ is the eye
A sensory organ
30
What is the role of the retina
It absoubes light energy and sends impulses to the brain via the optic nerve.
31
What is the Sclera, description and role
white coating of the eye that you can see. it protects the eye as it is tough
32
What is the Pupil
The whole in the eye which light enters
33
What is the Iris
Controls the diameter of the pupil (light levels into allowed the eye)
34
Name a hormone released into the bloodstream in humans in response to a dangerous situation.
Adrenaline
35
Effectors can be either muscles or what?
Glands
36
Where is adrenaline produced?
adrenal glands
37
In a reflex action, where do sensory and relay neurones meet?
Centeral Nervous Sytem
38
What organ in the body usually reacts to temperature first?
Skin
39
What is the name of the junction between two neurones?
synapse
40
What is the word for a change in the environment that a receptor cell responds to?
stimulus
41
What is the word for an organ or tissue that brings about the response in a reflex action?
Effector
42
Which system has longer lasting effects: the nervous system or hormonal system?
hormonal system
43
What system uses chemical messengers to coordinate and control the body?
endocrine system
44
Why are synapes important
To ensure that the impules can only travel in one direction
45
At a synapse, what is released by one neurone to cause an impulse in the other?
neurotransmitters or chemical transmitter
46
Thyroxine is controlled by what type of feedback?
Negtive Feedback
47
Where are the adrenal glands located?
The adrenal glands lie on top of the kidneys.
48
Nerve cells can form many branches. How does this relate to their function?
to form networks with many other nerve cells.
49
Where is thyroxine produced?
Thiroid gland
50
Where is the thiroid gland located
the front of the neck
51
Where is ADH released
pituatry gland
52
What does ADH control
water levels
53
Why is ADH important
It alows us to keep our water conc in our blood at normal levels
54
Is water levels controlled by negitve or positive feedback
negitve feed back
55
what does ADH increase
ADH increases the permeability of the collecting duct of the kidney
56
what does inncreacing the permiablity of the kidneys cause
more water is reabsorbed
57
When is ADH realised
More ADH is released during dehydration
58
How does ADH effect the urine
more ADH = urine is more concerntrated
59
What does the cillary body do
Produces fluid in the eye
60
What is the name of the fuild in the eye
aqueous humor
61
What is the job of the suspensory ligaments
To tighten and pull the lens thinner
62
What causes colour blindess
A lack of or defect in the receptors which are sensitive to different colours of light
63
What tempurature is the human body kept at
37degrees
64
Why must the body be kept at a specific tempurature
To ensure enzymes are working at the optimum tempurature
65
Where is the Thermoregulatory Centre
In the hypothalamus
66
What does the Thermoregulatory Centre
Controlls interal tempuratures (like a thermostat
67
How does the body detect changes in interal tempuratures
Lots of tiny receptors that can detect tempurature changes
68
Where are most tempurature receptors in the body
- Skin - Blood vessels
69
How does the Thermoregulatory Centre controll tempurature
The receptors send signals about the tempurature of the body to the Thermoregulatory Centre which decides if we are to hot or to cold. The Thermoregulatory Centre then sends signals around the body to either cool us down or heat us up.
70
What type of feed back does Thermoregulatory Centre use
Negitive feedback - Body too hot = release cooling signals - Body too cold = release warming signals
71
What are the two stratergies to warm up the body.
- Conserve heat - Generate more
72

Biology (6 decks)

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