b3

Question 1

The March on Washington

Answer 1

1963, MLK organised 200,000 black Americans and 50,000 White, to march on Washington pressuring a civil rights bill.

This had huge impact on public opinion.

Question 2

Little Rock, Arkansas.

Answer 2

1957, Supreme court ordered the governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus to allow 9 black children to attend the all white school. He denied, as he said he could guarantee their safety. President Eisenhower then sent troops that stayed with the children for 6 weeks.

This was significant because it shows that the government is taking it seriously

Question 3

Greensboro sit-ins.

Answer 3

1960, the SNCC organised a campaign to end segregation in restaurants where 4 black students refused to leave the white only seats.
400 students had joined within a week.
By the end of 1960, lunch counters had become integrated in 126 cities.

This was significant because it starts to show the amount of people willing to protest for change.

Question 4

The Nation of Islam.

Answer 4

• led by Elijah Muhammed
• Cassius Clay who changed his name to Muhammed Ali was part of this group.
• Malcolm X was also a member

They were critical of the lack of progress being made by the civil rights movement and wanted to create a separate black state and would use force if necessary.

Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965.

Question 5

The SNCC

Answer 5

The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.
Set up in 1960, initially non-violent. However in 1966, Stokely Carmichael was elected chairman and was critical of MLK’s peaceful approach.

Question 6

The Black Panthers.

Answer 6

They had 2000 members and believed that black Americans should arm themselves and force the whites to give them equal rights.
They killed 9 police officers between 1967-69.

Question 7

Name 3 of the NOW bill of rights.

Answer 7

• Right for women to control their own reproductive lives.
• Child day-care centres.
• Maternity leave rights in employment.

Question 8

NOW

Answer 8

The National Organisation for Women, set up in 1966 drafted a bill of rights for women and had their first national conference in 1967.

Question 9

Who was Betty Friedan?

Answer 9

She was a feminist author who took an active roll in NOW and published Feminine Mystique in 1963.

Question 10

Roe v Wade

Answer 10

1973, abortion made legal within first trimester.

Question 11

Opposition to Equal Rights Amendment.

Answer 11

Religious groups to justify male domination.
Some women were happy with the lives they had.
Change couldn’t happen overnight

Question 12

The New Frontier

Answer 12

In 1960, JFK announced that the USA stood “on the edge of a new frontier”.

Wanting to improve the life of Americans who did not benefit from the post-war boom.

Question 13

What were the forms Kennedy approved by congress for the new frontier? (3)

Answer 13

• 25c an hour increase to the minimum wage.
• Area redevelopment act 1961, allowing poor communities to develop schools, hospitals and parks.
• Expansion of the rural electrification to help farmers.

Question 14

Economic opportunity act.

Answer 14

1964, provided training disadvantages to youths aged 16-21.

Question 15

Medicare and Medicaid

Answer 15

Provided medical insurance to over 65s.

Hospital care for those who could not afford it.

Question 16

The development act.

Answer 16

1964, money was provided for replacing inner-city slums with new homes.

Question 17

Why was the great society successful? (3)

Answer 17

• $5 billion spent on improving housing in cities.
• in 1965 240,000 new houses were built.
• Robert C. Weaver was hired to help with housing developments and was the first black American to be a member of the presidents cabinet.

Question 18

Why was the great society a failure? (3)

Answer 18

• 14% of people lived in poverty in the US and this did not decrease in the 1960s
• Hospitals raised the costs of many medical procedures.
• Taxes increased heavily.
• money would be used by the government to help themselves rather than for the benefit of other people.