B2b - Enzymes and Genetics Flashcards
What is respiration?
The process of releasing energy from breaking down glucose.
Where does respiration occur?
Every cell.
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration that uses oxygen.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What is ATP?
A molecule that acts as an energy source.
In which part of the cell does respiration occur?
Mitochondria
(mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell)
Why is the inner surface of mitochondria folded?
To increase surface area available for respiratory enzymes.
How is the energy in the glucose released?
In a series of enzymes-controlled chemical reactions.
What is the energy from the glucose used for?
To synthesise ATP.
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
Water and carbon dioxide.
How do you measure the rate of respiration?
Measure the rate at which the reactants are used up
or
Measure the rate at which the products are formed
How can carbon dioxide production be measured?
Bubbling it through limewater as it gains a white precipitate when carbon dioxide is present (not very precise)
Why does a rise in temperature indicate that respiration is taking place?
Respiration is an exothermic reaction - it releases energy in the form of heat.
What is glycogen?
An insoluble store of glucose contained in the muscles.
Name three physiological changes that occur during exercise.
- Heart rate increases
- Breathing rate increases
- Breathing depth increases
Why does heart rate increase during exercise?
Cells are respiring more quickly thus they require reactants delivering and waste products removing at a faster rate.
Why does breathing rate increase during exercise?
Cells are using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide at a faster rate than usual hence the lungs need to ensure the right amounts of the right chemicals are in the body.
Why does breathing depth increase during exercise?
To allow the body to expel more CO2and take in more O2 per breath due to the increase in the rate in which it is produced/used.
Why is a shorter recovery time linked to higher fitness levels?
The health of the cardiovascular system increases with regular exercise; the heart and lungs grow bigger with a higher blood supply so their efficiency increases.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration that does not involve oxygen.
Why does anaerobic respiration occur?
When the body cannot supply its cells with enough oxygen, it converts glucose to ATP without using oxgen.
Where is the glucose sourced from in anaerobic respiration?
Glycogen stores in the muscles and liver.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose → Lactic acid + energy
