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Biology- B2 > B2.6 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration > Flashcards

B2.6 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen

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2
Q

During aerobic respiration, chemical reactions occur that:

A

use glucose and oxygen

release energy

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3
Q

When does respiration take place in animals and plants?

A

continually

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4
Q

What is a definition of respiration?

A

the process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell

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5
Q

Where do most of the reactions in aerobic respiration take place?

A

inside mitochondria in cells

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6
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen —- carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

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7
Q

What may the energy released from respiration be used to do?

A

build larger molecules from smaller ones

in animals to enable muscles to contract

in mammals and birds, to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings

in plants, to build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which are then built up into proteins

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8
Q

During exercise, what changes take place?

A

heart rate increases

rate and depth of breathing increases

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9
Q

During exercise, what does an increase in heart rate and depth of breathing cause?

A

an increase in blood flow to the muscles and so increase the supply of sugar and oxygen and increase the rate of removal of carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What do muscles store glucose as?

A

gylcogen

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11
Q

Why do muscles store glucose as glycogen?

A

As during exercise it can be converted back to glucose

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12
Q

What are the chemical reactions inside cells controlled by?

A

enzymes

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13
Q

What happens if during exercise insufficient oxygen reaches the muscles?

A

They use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy

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14
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

the incomplete breakdown of glucose and produces lactic acid.

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15
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose—–energy + lactic acid

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16
Q

Why is less energy produced from anaerobic respiration than aerobic respiration?

A

As the breakdown of glucose is incomplete

17
Q

What does anaerobic respiration result in?

A

an OXYGEN DEBT that has to be repaid in order to oxidise lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water.

18
Q

What happens if muscles are subjected to long periods of vigorous exercise?

A

they become fatigued (stop contracting efficiently) due to the build up of lactic acid in the muscles.

19
Q

What removes the lactic acid in the muscles which builds up during anaerobic respiration?

A

Blood flowing through the muscles. The blood contains oxygen which oxidises the lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water

20
Q

What happens if during exercise insufficient oxygen reaches the muscles?

A

They use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy

21
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

the incomplete breakdown of glucose and produces lactic acid.

22
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose—–energy + lactic acid

23
Q

Why is less energy produced from anaerobic respiration than aerobic respiration?

A

As the breakdown of glucose is incomplete

24
Q

What does anaerobic respiration result in?

A

an OXYGEN DEBT that has to be repaid in order to oxidise lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water.

25
Q

What happens if muscles are subjected to long periods of vigorous exercise?

A

they become fatigued (stop contracting efficiently) due to the build up of lactic acid in the muscles.

26
Q

What removes the lactic acid in the muscles which builds up during anaerobic respiration?

A

Blood flowing through the muscles. The blood contains oxygen which oxidises the lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water

27
Q

Why is respiration important for muscle contraction?

A

as energy is required for movement

28
Q

What does it mean if muscles become fatigued?

A

Muscles stop contracting as efficiently

29
Q

What are some differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

oxygen used in aerobic respiration

more energy from aerobic

carbon dioxide and water are products of aerobic

lactic acid is a product of anaerobic

30
Q

Explain the advantage of an increase in heart rate during exercise

A

increase in heart rate delivers

  • more oxygen and glucose to muscles
  • faster removal of carbon dioxide + lactic acid
31
Q

Name the process that makes lactic acid in the athletes muscles

A

anaerobic respiration

32
Q

Why is more lactic acid produced when activity is more vigorous?

A
  • more energy is released
  • not enough oxygen can be supplied to muscles
  • so more anaerobic respiration to supply the extra energy

Biology- B2 (8 decks)

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