B2.6 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration Flashcards
What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen
During aerobic respiration, chemical reactions occur that:
use glucose and oxygen
release energy
When does respiration take place in animals and plants?
continually
What is a definition of respiration?
the process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell
Where do most of the reactions in aerobic respiration take place?
inside mitochondria in cells
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen —- carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
What may the energy released from respiration be used to do?
build larger molecules from smaller ones
in animals to enable muscles to contract
in mammals and birds, to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings
in plants, to build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which are then built up into proteins
During exercise, what changes take place?
heart rate increases
rate and depth of breathing increases
During exercise, what does an increase in heart rate and depth of breathing cause?
an increase in blood flow to the muscles and so increase the supply of sugar and oxygen and increase the rate of removal of carbon dioxide
What do muscles store glucose as?
gylcogen
Why do muscles store glucose as glycogen?
As during exercise it can be converted back to glucose
What are the chemical reactions inside cells controlled by?
enzymes
What happens if during exercise insufficient oxygen reaches the muscles?
They use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy
What is anaerobic respiration?
the incomplete breakdown of glucose and produces lactic acid.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose—–energy + lactic acid
Why is less energy produced from anaerobic respiration than aerobic respiration?
As the breakdown of glucose is incomplete
What does anaerobic respiration result in?
an OXYGEN DEBT that has to be repaid in order to oxidise lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
What happens if muscles are subjected to long periods of vigorous exercise?
they become fatigued (stop contracting efficiently) due to the build up of lactic acid in the muscles.
What removes the lactic acid in the muscles which builds up during anaerobic respiration?
Blood flowing through the muscles. The blood contains oxygen which oxidises the lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water
What happens if during exercise insufficient oxygen reaches the muscles?
They use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy
What is anaerobic respiration?
the incomplete breakdown of glucose and produces lactic acid.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose—–energy + lactic acid
Why is less energy produced from anaerobic respiration than aerobic respiration?
As the breakdown of glucose is incomplete
What does anaerobic respiration result in?
an OXYGEN DEBT that has to be repaid in order to oxidise lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
