B2.5.1 Proteins and Enzymes

Question 1

Which molecule are proteins made from?

Answer 1

Amino acids

Question 2

What happens to the long chains formed by these molecules?

Answer 2

They are folded up into a specific shape

Question 3

What do proteins act as?

Answer 3

Structural components of tissues (e.g. muscles), Hormones
Antibodies
Catalysts (enzymes)

Question 4

What do catalysts do?

Answer 4

The increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up.

Question 5

What are biological catalysts called?

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

Which type of molecule are enzymes made from?

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

What property of enzymes is vital for its function?

Answer 7

The shape of the enzyme molecule

Question 8

What do high temperatures do to enzymes?

Answer 8

Change the shape of the enzyme molecule - the enzyme is DENATURED

Question 9

What other factor is important for enzymes to function correctly?

Answer 9

pH

Question 10

What does denatured mean?

Answer 10

When the active site of an enzyme changes shape.

Question 11

Which two enzymes are present in biological detergents (washing powders)?

Answer 11

Proteases and lipases

Question 12

How does having enzymes in biological detergents help them to perform better?

Answer 12

They are more effective at low temperatures (high temperatures will denature the enzymes in them)

Question 13

How are proteases used in industry?

Answer 13

To pre-digest baby food (making it easier for babies to digest their food)

Question 14

How is isomerase used in industry?

Answer 14

To convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup, which is much sweeter, and therefore can be used in smaller quantities in slimming foods.