B2.2 Organisms and Energy Definitions

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

A series of reactions occurring in all living cells in which glucose is broken down to release energy

Question 2

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 2

Respiration that needs oxygen

Question 3

Glucose

Answer 3

A simple sugar that is broken down in cells to release energy during respiration (Also produced during photosynthesis)

Question 4

Capillaries

Answer 4

Tiny Blood Vessels with thin walls to allow diffusion of substances into and out of the blood

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

The random movement and spreading of particles

Question 6

Concentration Gradient

Answer 6

A situation when a solute is in a gradually increasing concentration from one region to another

Question 7

Gas Exchange

Answer 7

A process in the lungs in which oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs

Question 8

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 8

Respiration that does not need oxygen

Question 9

Stroke Volume

Answer 9

The volume of blood the heart can pump out with each beat

Question 10

Cardiac Output

Answer 10

The volume of blood the heart can pump out in one minute

Question 11

Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

Answer 11

Period of time after exercise in which a greater than usual amount of oxygen is needed by the body for various processes, including the removal of acid cell repair

Question 12

Starch

Answer 12

A carbohydrate made by joining together thousands of glucose molecules

Question 13

Photosynthesis

Answer 13

A series of enzyme catalysed reactions carried out in the green parts of plants

Question 14

Chloroplasts

Answer 14

Organelle in plant cells that contains Chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place

Question 15

Chlorophyll

Answer 15

Green Substance in Chloroplasts that absorbs energy from sunlight

Question 16

Stomata

Answer 16

A tiny pore in the lower surface of the leaf, which were open and allows gases to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Question 17

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Answer 17

The total amount of surface area of an object divided by its volume

Question 18

Limiting Factor

Answer 18

A single factor that when in short supply can limit the rate of a process such as photosynthesis

Question 19

Root Hair Cells

Answer 19

Cells found near the tip of roots that have thin extensions. Water enters root hair cells by osmosis

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

The diffusion of water from a region of high concentration of molecules, through a partially permanent membrane

Question 21

Partially Permeable Membrane

Answer 21

A thin sheet of material that allow certain small molecules to diffuse through

Question 22

Active Transport

Answer 22

Movement of molecules to into the cell using energy from respiration

Question 23

Xylem

Answer 23

Tissue made of dead hollow cells that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant

Question 24

Pholem

Answer 24

Living tissue that transports sugars around a plant

Question 25

Transpiration

Answer 25

The evaporation of water vapour from the surface of a plant

Question 26

Environment

Answer 26

An organisms’s surroundings made up of many different factors such as air , water soil and other living organisms

Question 27

Biodiversity

Answer 27

The variety of species present within a given area

Question 28

Ecosystem

Answer 28

An area in which all the living and non-living physical features in the area form a stable relationship that needs no input from outside the area to remain stable

Question 29

Habitat

Answer 29

The place where an organism lives

Question 30

Distribution

Answer 30

The places in which a certain organism can be found in an area

Question 31

Population Size

Answer 31

The number of individuals of a species in an area

Question 32

Sampling

Answer 32

Looking at a smaller portion of an area or population

Question 33

Random Sampling

Answer 33

A method of sampling where the locations are selected randomly

Question 34

Representative Sample

Answer 34

A sample that has approximately the same characteristics as those of the whole study area

Question 35

Pooter

Answer 35

A simple device used to collect small invertebrates

Question 36

Sweep Net

Answer 36

A net used to collect insects from long grass or the canopy of the tree

Question 37

Pond Net

Answer 37

A net used to collect aquatic organisms from ponds, rivers and streams

Question 38

Pitfall Traps

Answer 38

A trap used to catch small animals that move on the ground

Question 39

Quadrats

Answer 39

A square frame of known area

Question 40

Systematic Sampling

Answer 40

A method of sampling where the samples are selected the samples are selected from the population at regular or systematic intervals