B2.2 Organisms and Energy Definitions Flashcards
Respiration
A series of reactions occurring in all living cells in which glucose is broken down to release energy
Aerobic Respiration
Respiration that needs oxygen
Glucose
A simple sugar that is broken down in cells to release energy during respiration (Also produced during photosynthesis)
Capillaries
Tiny Blood Vessels with thin walls to allow diffusion of substances into and out of the blood
Diffusion
The random movement and spreading of particles
Concentration Gradient
A situation when a solute is in a gradually increasing concentration from one region to another
Gas Exchange
A process in the lungs in which oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs
Anaerobic Respiration
Respiration that does not need oxygen
Stroke Volume
The volume of blood the heart can pump out with each beat
Cardiac Output
The volume of blood the heart can pump out in one minute
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
Period of time after exercise in which a greater than usual amount of oxygen is needed by the body for various processes, including the removal of acid cell repair
Starch
A carbohydrate made by joining together thousands of glucose molecules
Photosynthesis
A series of enzyme catalysed reactions carried out in the green parts of plants
Chloroplasts
Organelle in plant cells that contains Chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place
Chlorophyll
Green Substance in Chloroplasts that absorbs energy from sunlight
Stomata
A tiny pore in the lower surface of the leaf, which were open and allows gases to diffuse into and out of the leaf
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
The total amount of surface area of an object divided by its volume
Limiting Factor
A single factor that when in short supply can limit the rate of a process such as photosynthesis
Root Hair Cells
Cells found near the tip of roots that have thin extensions. Water enters root hair cells by osmosis
Osmosis
The diffusion of water from a region of high concentration of molecules, through a partially permanent membrane
Partially Permeable Membrane
A thin sheet of material that allow certain small molecules to diffuse through
Active Transport
Movement of molecules to into the cell using energy from respiration
Xylem
Tissue made of dead hollow cells that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant
Pholem
Living tissue that transports sugars around a plant
Transpiration
The evaporation of water vapour from the surface of a plant
Environment
An organisms’s surroundings made up of many different factors such as air , water soil and other living organisms
Biodiversity
The variety of species present within a given area
Ecosystem
An area in which all the living and non-living physical features in the area form a stable relationship that needs no input from outside the area to remain stable
Habitat
The place where an organism lives
Distribution
The places in which a certain organism can be found in an area
Population Size
The number of individuals of a species in an area
Sampling
Looking at a smaller portion of an area or population
Random Sampling
A method of sampling where the locations are selected randomly
Representative Sample
A sample that has approximately the same characteristics as those of the whole study area
Pooter
A simple device used to collect small invertebrates
Sweep Net
A net used to collect insects from long grass or the canopy of the tree
Pond Net
A net used to collect aquatic organisms from ponds, rivers and streams
Pitfall Traps
A trap used to catch small animals that move on the ground
Quadrats
A square frame of known area
Systematic Sampling
A method of sampling where the samples are selected the samples are selected from the population at regular or systematic intervals
