B2.1.5 Flashcards
What happens when cells differentiate?
When cells differentiate they become specialised to do a particular job
What do sperm cells do?
Sperm cells transfer genetic material from the male to the ovum (egg)
How are sperm cells adapted?
Flagellum (tail) - propels sperm to the ovum
Lots of mitochondria - respiration transferee energy so sperm can move
Acrosome - store digestive enzymes which break the outer layers of the ovum to allow the sperm to transfer and incorporate its genetic material
What do fat cells do?
Fat cells are specialised to store fat, which can be used as a store of energy for the animal
What adaptations to fat cells have?
Fat cells have a small reservoir which surround the fat
They can expand up to 1000 times their size as they fill with fat
What are red blood cells specialised for?
Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body
How are red blood cells adapted?
Red blood cells have biconcave discs which increases surface area: volume. This increases the diffusion of oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of the cell
Packed full of haemoglobin - proteins binds with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin which is bright red
No nucleus - more space for haemoglobin
What do ciliates cells do?
Ciliates cells trap dirt and bacteria, by sweeping the mucus away from the lungs to the back of the throat. You then swallow the mucus
What do palisade cells do?
Palisade cels are specialised to carry out photosynthesis
What adaptations to palisade cells have?
Palisade cells are found near the surface e of the leaf and are packed full of chloroplasts.
They have a regular shape to allow close packing within the leaf, maximising the absorption of sunlight
