B2.1 Cell Structure Flashcards
What does the nucleus do? (2 things)
Controls the activities of the cell
- Contains genes carrying instructions for the proteins needed to build new cells or organisms
What is the cytoplasm?
It contains the cell organelles in which the chemical reactions occur. This provides energy and chemicals for cellular function.
What does the cell membrane do?
Controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell.
What does a typical animal cell have?
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
What is a cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What do chloroplasts do?
It contains chlorophyll to capture solar energy and convert CO2 and H2O into glucose.
What is a plant cell wall for?
Gives plant cells rigidity and strength.
What are three extra features you may expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Cell wall
What are vacuoles for?
It gives the plant cell rigidity as water pushes against the membrane. It also can act as a store (for such things as water and sugar).
What are red blood cells?
- Flat biconcave cells which present a large surface area for the absorption of oxygen.
- No nucleus to make more space for oxygen and its transportation around the body.
- Found in the blood of mammals.
- Its function is to transport oxygen.
What are root hair cells?
- Long, thin cells
- Has large surface area to maximise absorption of water and ions from soil.
- Found near the ends of plant roots.
- Function is to absorb water and mineral salts.
What are palisade cells?
- Palisade cells have a large number of chloroplasts as their function is to photosynthesize.
- It is found beneath the epidermis of the leaf.
- Its purpose is to photosynthesise.
What are ciliated cells?
- Cilia are tiny hair-like structures on the surface of the cell.
- The hairs sweep hair, mucus, trapped dust and bacteria up to the back of the throat where they can be swallowed.
- It is found lining the trachea and bronchi.
- Its function is to move mucus upward.
