B2: Understanding Our Environment Flashcards
Why may the classification system need to be changed in future
Because more species are found and new discoveries
All loving things use to be …. together into 2 kingdoms …… and …… now there are 5 ……..(name all five)
Lumped Plant and animals Protista Monera Plants Animals Fungi
What is the name given to the offspring made by two organisms from different species
Hybrids
Are hybrids fertile ?
Nah
What was the earliest group of organisms ?
Monera then Protista
The five kingdoms are divided into ….. Which is divided into …… Each …… Into …….. Divided into …….. Which is divided into ……… And each …. Into …….
Phyla Classes Class Orders Families Genera Genus Species
Species inherit characteristics so we expect similar species to be closely related to a …..
common ancestor
Not all organisms with similar characteristics descended from a common ancestor why?
They may have evolved in the same environment so developed similar structures
What is artificial classification
Artificial classification is based on observation
What is natural classification
Natural classification focuses on natural relationships between organisms including internal and external features
Invertebrates are ?
Animals with no backbone
Name the four different classes of arthropods
Crustacean
Myriapod
Insect
Arachnid
Name the features of an insect
6 legs, antennae
Name the features of myriapod
8-750 legs, antennae
What is a food chain
A food chain shows the transfer of energy from organism to organism
Tropic level ?
The position stage down organism occupies in the food chain
Give examples as to why biomass and energy Is lost every tropic level
Movement,
respiration
execration,
Engestion
Energy efficiency ?
= Energy converted into biomass divided into total energy taken in x 100
Name 2 recycled elements
Carbon and nitrogen
The first step in the carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide is removed from the air for photosynthesis
The second part of the carbon cycle
Plants and animals respire by releasing carbon dioxide back into that atmosphere
Describe the third part of the carbon cycle
Soil, bacteria fungi are all decomposers they eat dead plants and animals they breakdown decay and release carbon dioxide into the air.
Making these elements available again to other living organisms.
Carbon is also a recycled in the sea explain?
Marine organism shells are made of carbonates
The shells drop to the seabed as organisms by and fossilise over many years
Limestone rock is formed, volcanic eruptions heat the limestone and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
Carbon dioxide is released during …..
Weathering
Air is made up of?
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% other gases
Nitrogen is needed for what?
The production of proteins which is needed for growth in plants and animals
There is lots of nitrogen in the air but ?
Plants can’t use it because it is so unreactive
Explain the nitrogen cycle
Plants take in nitrate from the soil and produce
Animals eat plants and use the nitrogen to make animal proteins
Decomposers break down dead plants and animals and release nitrates back into the soil
Nitrogen fixing bacteria?
Converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in the soil
Nitrifying bacteria?
Congrats ammonium compounds into nitrates in the soil
Denitrifying bacteria ?
Converts nitrates in the soil and ammonium compounds into nitrates in the atmosphere
Lightning causes what?
Oxygen and nitrogen to combine to form nitrogen oxides
What do animals compete for?
4 examples
Mates
Food
Shelter
Water
What do plants compete for ?
3 examples
Light
Water
Minerals
What are the two types of competition
Interspecific and intraspecific
Interspecific competition ?
Where individuals of different species compete for the same things
Intraspecific competition?
Where animals from the same species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem
What does ecological niche mean?
Place and function
In nature there is a deliberate balance between predator and prey why ?
Because if the population of predators increase there will be a decrease in prey, which will lead to a Decrease in the predator population as there it’s enough food .
What is a parasite?
Organisms that eat other organisms
What is a host ?
The organisms that parasites live off
An example of a mutualistic relationship?
Buffalo and oxpecker bird
Adaptations to very cold environments help organisms to survive give examples
- well insulated to reduce heat loss
- behavioural adaptations such as hedgehogs that hibernate in the winter and Birds that migrate to warmer climates
Heat exchange blood flow ?
What are extremophiles ?
Organisms that are biochemically adapted to extreme conditions
They have enzymes that work at different optimum conditions
What are specialists and generalists
Specialist are only suited to certain habitats
Generalists can live in a range of habitats
Name a few features of predators ?
Camouflage Sharpe teeth Claws to grab and kill Binocular vision Hunting strategy
Name the features of prey ?
Built for speed so they can escape
Monocular vision
They live in groups to increase opportunities for detecting and confusing predators
Natural selection
Long for man look in da book
The human population is ……. at a rapid rate because birth rates are …… death rates
Increasing
Exceeding
Lots of pollution is produced because of
Household waste and sewage
Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide
Carbon footprint is the term used to refer to ……
The amount of greenhouse gasses a person or event is responsible for
Ozone is a ……… Found high up in the earths atmosphere
Natural gas
The ozone layer prevents too many harmful ultraviolet rays(UV) reaching the earth, A consequence of harmful UV rays ?
Skin cancer
Acid rain is caused by?
Burning fossil fuels which release gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Acid rain causes?
Metals corrode
dissolving of rocks and statues destruction of forest
and lakes becoming acidic
Heat energy from the sun is ……. from the Earth’s surface back out towards space. When it reaches the atmosphere some ….. past thru some get ….. in by the …… layer
These trapped rays keep the earth……
Reflected Rays Trapped Carbon dioxide Warm
Amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased this has led to more energy being reflected back
This is known as ?
Global warming
The earth is getting ……… due to global warming
Hotter
What is a sustainable resource
A resource that can be used and replaced so it isn’t exhausted
Resources can be used while being sustained by using ?
Quotas and making sure resources are replaced
As the population increases rapidly the demand for ….. and ……. also increases
Food and energy
Endangered species?
Species that are in danger of becoming extinct
If individuals or their habitats fall below ……. the organism is …….. which means they face extremely high risk of ….
Critical level
Critically endangered
Extinction
What is worse being critically endangered or endangered
Critically endangered
The survival of plants or animals can be threatened by
Climate change
destruction of habitats
increase in competition for food shelter etc.
and pollution
Endangered species can be protected by?
Educating people about sustainability breeding animals in captivity protecting natural habitats creating artificial ecosystems (zoos) Legal protection
Whales species are now endangered the main reasons of whale death are?
Colliding with ships during migration hunting
drowning whilst being tangled in fishing nets
pollution
What can you make with whales ?
Cosmetics
Food
Oil
tourist attraction
Whales can be conserved by?
Captive breeding in zoos
Read the last section of B-2 about sustainability and Whales
