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B2: Understanding Our Environment Flashcards

0
Q

Why may the classification system need to be changed in future

A

Because more species are found and new discoveries

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1
Q

All loving things use to be …. together into 2 kingdoms …… and …… now there are 5 ……..(name all five)

A 
Lumped
Plant and animals 
Protista
Monera
Plants 
Animals
Fungi
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2
Q

What is the name given to the offspring made by two organisms from different species

A

Hybrids

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3
Q

Are hybrids fertile ?

A

Nah

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4
Q

What was the earliest group of organisms ?

A

Monera then Protista

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5
Q

The five kingdoms are divided into ….. Which is divided into …… Each …… Into …….. Divided into …….. Which is divided into ……… And each …. Into …….

A 
Phyla 
Classes
Class
Orders
Families
Genera
Genus 
Species
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6
Q

Species inherit characteristics so we expect similar species to be closely related to a …..

A

common ancestor

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7
Q

Not all organisms with similar characteristics descended from a common ancestor why?

A

They may have evolved in the same environment so developed similar structures

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8
Q

What is artificial classification

A

Artificial classification is based on observation

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9
Q

What is natural classification

A

Natural classification focuses on natural relationships between organisms including internal and external features

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10
Q

Invertebrates are ?

A

Animals with no backbone

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11
Q

Name the four different classes of arthropods

A

Crustacean
Myriapod
Insect
Arachnid

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12
Q

Name the features of an insect

A

6 legs, antennae

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13
Q

Name the features of myriapod

A

8-750 legs, antennae

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14
Q

What is a food chain

A

A food chain shows the transfer of energy from organism to organism

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15
Q

Tropic level ?

A

The position stage down organism occupies in the food chain

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16
Q

Give examples as to why biomass and energy Is lost every tropic level

A

Movement,
respiration
execration,
Engestion

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17
Q

Energy efficiency ?

A

= Energy converted into biomass divided into total energy taken in x 100

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18
Q

Name 2 recycled elements

A

Carbon and nitrogen

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19
Q

The first step in the carbon cycle

A

Carbon dioxide is removed from the air for photosynthesis

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20
Q

The second part of the carbon cycle

A

Plants and animals respire by releasing carbon dioxide back into that atmosphere

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21
Q

Describe the third part of the carbon cycle

A

Soil, bacteria fungi are all decomposers they eat dead plants and animals they breakdown decay and release carbon dioxide into the air.
Making these elements available again to other living organisms.

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22
Q

Carbon is also a recycled in the sea explain?

A

Marine organism shells are made of carbonates

The shells drop to the seabed as organisms by and fossilise over many years

Limestone rock is formed, volcanic eruptions heat the limestone and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

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23
Q

Carbon dioxide is released during …..

A

Weathering

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24
Air is made up of?
78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% other gases
25
Nitrogen is needed for what?
The production of proteins which is needed for growth in plants and animals
26
There is lots of nitrogen in the air but ?
Plants can't use it because it is so unreactive
27
Explain the nitrogen cycle
Plants take in nitrate from the soil and produce Animals eat plants and use the nitrogen to make animal proteins Decomposers break down dead plants and animals and release nitrates back into the soil
28
Nitrogen fixing bacteria?
Converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in the soil
29
Nitrifying bacteria?
Congrats ammonium compounds into nitrates in the soil
30
Denitrifying bacteria ?
Converts nitrates in the soil and ammonium compounds into nitrates in the atmosphere
31
Lightning causes what?
Oxygen and nitrogen to combine to form nitrogen oxides
32
What do animals compete for? 4 examples
Mates Food Shelter Water
33
What do plants compete for ? 3 examples
Light Water Minerals
34
What are the two types of competition
Interspecific and intraspecific
35
Interspecific competition ?
Where individuals of different species compete for the same things
36
Intraspecific competition?
Where animals from the same species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem
37
What does ecological niche mean?
Place and function
38
In nature there is a deliberate balance between predator and prey why ?
Because if the population of predators increase there will be a decrease in prey, which will lead to a Decrease in the predator population as there it's enough food .
39
What is a parasite?
Organisms that eat other organisms
40
What is a host ?
The organisms that parasites live off
41
An example of a mutualistic relationship?
Buffalo and oxpecker bird
42
Adaptations to very cold environments help organisms to survive give examples
- well insulated to reduce heat loss | - behavioural adaptations such as hedgehogs that hibernate in the winter and Birds that migrate to warmer climates
43
Heat exchange blood flow ?
44
What are extremophiles ?
Organisms that are biochemically adapted to extreme conditions They have enzymes that work at different optimum conditions
45
What are specialists and generalists
Specialist are only suited to certain habitats Generalists can live in a range of habitats
46
Name a few features of predators ?
``` Camouflage Sharpe teeth Claws to grab and kill Binocular vision Hunting strategy ```
47
Name the features of prey ?
Built for speed so they can escape Monocular vision They live in groups to increase opportunities for detecting and confusing predators
48
Natural selection
Long for man look in da book
49
The human population is ....... at a rapid rate because birth rates are ...... death rates
Increasing | Exceeding
50
Lots of pollution is produced because of
Household waste and sewage | Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide
51
Carbon footprint is the term used to refer to ......
The amount of greenhouse gasses a person or event is responsible for
52
Ozone is a ......... Found high up in the earths atmosphere
Natural gas
53
The ozone layer prevents too many harmful ultraviolet rays(UV) reaching the earth, A consequence of harmful UV rays ?
Skin cancer
54
Acid rain is caused by?
Burning fossil fuels which release gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
55
Acid rain causes?
Metals corrode dissolving of rocks and statues destruction of forest and lakes becoming acidic
56
Heat energy from the sun is ....... from the Earth's surface back out towards space. When it reaches the atmosphere some ..... past thru some get ..... in by the ...... layer These trapped rays keep the earth......
``` Reflected Rays Trapped Carbon dioxide Warm ```
57
Amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased this has led to more energy being reflected back This is known as ?
Global warming
58
The earth is getting ......... due to global warming
Hotter
59
What is a sustainable resource
A resource that can be used and replaced so it isn't exhausted
60
Resources can be used while being sustained by using ?
Quotas and making sure resources are replaced
61
As the population increases rapidly the demand for ..... and ....... also increases
Food and energy
62
Endangered species?
Species that are in danger of becoming extinct
63
If individuals or their habitats fall below ....... the organism is ........ which means they face extremely high risk of ....
Critical level Critically endangered Extinction
64
What is worse being critically endangered or endangered
Critically endangered
65
The survival of plants or animals can be threatened by
Climate change destruction of habitats increase in competition for food shelter etc. and pollution
66
Endangered species can be protected by?
``` Educating people about sustainability breeding animals in captivity protecting natural habitats creating artificial ecosystems (zoos) Legal protection ```
67
Whales species are now endangered the main reasons of whale death are?
Colliding with ships during migration hunting drowning whilst being tangled in fishing nets pollution
68
What can you make with whales ?
Cosmetics Food Oil tourist attraction
69
Whales can be conserved by?
Captive breeding in zoos
70
Read the last section of B-2 about sustainability and Whales

Biology (1 decks)

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