B2 - Topic 1

Question 0

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 0

Glucose —> Lactic Acid + Energy

Question 1

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 1

Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)

Question 2

What is diffusion?

Answer 2

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 3

Name the four DNA bases

Answer 3

1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Guanine
4. Cytosine

Question 4

How are proteins made?

Answer 4

By ribosomes. DNA is in the nucleus and is too big to get out so it uses mRNA which is single stranded and smaller.

Question 5

How is mRNA used?

Answer 5

1. The two DNA strands unzip. A molecule of mRNA is made up using DNA as the template. Base pairing ensures an exact match. This step is called TRANSCRIPTION.
2. The mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus and joined with a ribosome
3. The ribosome sticks amino acids together in a chain to make polypeptide (protein), following the order of bases in the mRNA. Molecules called tRNA carry amino acids. This step is called TRANSLATION.

Question 6

What are antibiotics used for?

Answer 6

To destroy bacteria which causes disease

Question 7

Give an example of an antibiotic

Answer 7

Penicillin antibiotic made by growing mould in a fermenter

The mould is grown in a liquid culture medium containing sugar and other nutrients

Question 8

What are human proteins

Answer 8

Genetically engineered microorganisms

For example the gene coding for the working protein can be taken from a healthy human and put into a micro organism, this is used to create insulin to treat diabetics

Question 9

What is a use of Mycoprotein?

Answer 9

It is used to make meat substitutes for vegetarian meals, like Quorn

Question 10

Advantages of using microorganisms for food production

Answer 10

They are easy to look after all they need is oxygen food and the right temperature. microorganisms like bacteria and fungi can grow very quickly they grow miles quicker than plants and animals which is good if you are using them to make food. Micro organisms can use waste products from agriculture and industry as food for their life processes. This often makes microorganisms cheaper than other methods.