B2-Organisation Flashcards
What is a cell?
The building blocks of all organisms.
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that work together to preform a particular function.
What is an organ?
A group of tissues that work together to preform a certain function.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to preform a particular function.
What is the role of the pancreas?
Produces digestive enzymes -insulin.
What is the role of the liver?
Produces bile and also purifies the blood.
What is the role of the small intestine?
To digest food and for soluble food to be absorbed.
What is the role of the large intestine?
For water to be absorbed from undigested food.
What is the role of the rectum?
It receives waste and stores it.
What is the role of the anus?
Makes your bowel movements easier.
What does amylase break down?
Carbohydrates.
What does amylase break into?
Simple sugars.
Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands,
pancreas.
Where does amylase work?
Mouth,
Small intestine.
What does carbohyase break down?
Carbohydrates.
What does carbohydrase break into?
Sugars.
Where is carbohydrase produced?
Stomach,
Pancreas,
Small intestine.
What does protease break down?
Proteins.
What does protease break into?
Amino acids.
Where is protease produced?
Stomach,
Pancreas,
Small intestine.
Where does protease work?
Stomach,
Pancreas,
Small intestine.
What does lipase break down?
Lipids (fats and oils).
What does lipase break into?
Glycerol & fatty acids.
Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas
Small intestine
Where does lipase work?
Small intestine.
Where is bile producer?
Liver.
Where is bile stored?
Gall bladder.
Describe the 2 jobs of bile.
1)Breaks down fats-it has bigger surface area which makes digestion faster.
2) It neutralises stomach acid for enzymes to work.
What is meant by the term ‘optimum temperature’?
Where the enzyme works best. The highest part in a graph.
How is the small intestine adapted for its role?
It uses villi to increase the surface are that’ll help for more absorption.
What are enzymes made of?
Proteins.
What are proteins made out of?
Amino acids.
How does an enzyme speed up a reaction
By lowering the activation energy.
What is an active site
When the substrate joins the enzyme.
What is the lock and key theory
It explains how an enzymes and substrate don’t change shape after the enzyme goes into the active site and enzyme.
What is the job of the heart?
Pumps blood around the body to flow.
Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?
The rest of the body.
Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?
The lungs.
What is the function of an artery
To carry oxygen-rich blood to the body.
How is an artery adapted for its function?
It has strong and elastic walls due to blood being pumped at high pressure.
They have thick layers of muscle to make them strong.
What is the function of a vein?
Carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart.
How is a vein adapted for its function?
They have bigger lumen that helps blood flow -despite the low pressure.
They have valves that help blood flow in the right direction.
What is the function of the capillary?
To help the exchange of minerals at the material.
How is a capillary adapted for its function?
One cell thick so that substances can diffuse in and out quicker.
Carries blood really close to every cell in the body to exchange material with them.
What is transpiration?
A loss of water vapour from leaves by evaporation.
What are factors that can affect the rate of transpiration?
Air movement,
Humidity,
Light intensity,
Temperature.
What is the job of a pacemaker?
It sends electrical pulses to your heart keeping it beating regularly and not slowly.
Why might someone have an artificial pacemaker?
They might have an artificial pacemaker fitted due to their heart beat being too slowly or it pausing causing fainting spells.
What is translocation?
The movement of sucrose (sugars) through the phloem in a plant.
What is coronary heart disease?
A condition where the blood vessels suppling the heart can are narrow or locked.
What is cancer?
A disease that happens due to uncontrollable cell division which leads to a tumour forming.
What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumour?
Benign tumours don’t spread to other parts of the body while malignant tumours do.
What is the function of a xylem?
To transport minerals and water from the roots upwards.
What is the function of the phloem?
To transport dissolved sugars around the plant.
What ways can a heart valve become faulty?
It can become broken.
How can a faulty heart be treated?
If it is broken you can replace it.
What is a coronary artery and where would you find them?
They’re a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
It is located inside/around your heart muscle.
How does smoking and alcohol consumption effect unborn babies?
Smoking effects unborn babies as the carbon monoxide travels to your lungs in your bloodstream through the placenta into the babies body causing them to struggle for air.
Alcohol consumption effects unborn babies as alcohol modifies their hormone patterns causing there to be an increase in marriage.
What is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes?
Obesity.
What is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease?
Obesity.
What is a risk factor of cancer
Substances, radiation, ionising radiation.
What is a risk factor of lung cancer/disease
Smoking.
What is the function of the epidermis tissue?
A layer of cells which lines and covers the organs of a plant.
What is the function of the palisade mesophyll?
For photosynthesis to occur.
What is the function of the spongy mesophyll?
Form air space for diffusion of gases.
Can photosynthesise.
What is the function of the meristem tissue?
Creates new growth for the plant.
Describe how you would use benedict’s reagent to test for sugar.
Add around 10 drops of benedict’s solution with a pipette into a food sample that has been transferred into a test tube. Place the test tube in a water bath for 5 minutes. If the colour has changed it contains sugar. The warmer the colour is the higher the concentration of sugar is.
Describe how to use iodine to test starch.
Transfer the food sample into a tube. Add a few drops of iodine and shake the test tube.
If the colour is an orange-brown then starch isn’t present however if it is a blu-black colour then starch is present.
