B2 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Flashcards
How does inhaled air differ from exhaled air?
Inhaled air has more oxygen in it than exhaled air because the body has used it in respiration.
Exhaled air has more carbon dioxide than inhaled air because it is a waste product of repiration.
The nitrogen that makes up most of the air doesn’t change because the body doesn’t use it.
What is the name of the process which allows oxygen to move from the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs into the red blood cells?
Diffusion the process which allows oxygen to move from the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs into the red blood cells.
How are lungs adapted for gaseous exchange?
Lungs are adapted in 4 ways by;
- having a good blood supply,
- thin walls
- a large surface area
- being wet.
What is the job of the plasma?
The job of the plasma is to
1) carry the red and white blood cells
2) carry dissolved food, CO2, urea and proteins for clotting
How is a white blood cell adapted to do its job?
There are many types of white blood cells and their jobs vary. You are correct if you said that some can change shape to squeeze between cells, chase invading microbes and engulf and destroy them. Others respond to foreign proteins (antigens) by making antibodies. Others make antitoxins to mop up poisons released by microbes.
What is meant by gaseous exchange?
Gaseous exchange means the transfer of oxygen from lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide the other way from blood to lungs.
What is the job of an artery?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood under high pressure from the heart to respiring cells and tissues.
Describe in 3 points what happens in coronary heart disease.
In coronary heart disease
- layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them.
- This reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries,
- resulting in a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle.
How is an artery adapted to do its job?
Arteries have 1) a thick muscular layer in their wall so they can stretch under high pressure but not tear whenever the heart forces blood along them .
2) a narrow lumen (hole) to keep blood flowing at high pressure.
Name the 5 main blood vessels of the heart.
The 5 blood vessels of the heart are the
- aorta,
- vena cava,
- pulmonary artery,
- pulmonary vein
- coronary artery.
What type of cells control the natural resting rate of the heart?
The natural resting heart rate is controlled by a group of pacemaker cells in the right atrium.
Are platelets a type of blood cell?
No platelets aren’t a type of blood cell. They are fragments of cells and have no nucleus.
What are organs?
Organs are collections of different types of tissues with a special job to do
e.g. heart pumps blood, stomach digests food, liver breakes down chemicals
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of treating cardiovascular diseases by drugs,
The advantages of treating cardiovascular diseases by drugs such as statins are that they are available immediately. The disadvantage is that they have some unwanted side effects.
There are 2 sides to the heart. Where does blood go to from each half?
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body
What is the advantage of a double circulation?
In a double circulatory system the blood travels through the heart twice. This keeps the blood pressure high so it moves oxygen and food quickly to where it is needed.
What is the job of the red blood cells?
The job of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen to respiring tissues and cells.
What are artificial pacemakers used for?
Artificial pacemakers are tiny battery powered electrical devices wired up to the heart to correct irregularities in the heart rate.
They can shock the heart into contracting if it stops.