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Biology GCSE AQA 2016 Unit 2+3 > B2- Cells, Tissues and Organs > Flashcards

B2- Cells, Tissues and Organs Flashcards

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1
Q

Define diffusion.

A

The movement of gas or liquid molecules from a region of high concentration ➡️low concentration.

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2
Q

Give three examples of diffusion.

A
  1. Diffusion of oxygen into cells from bloodstream/ Diffusion of CO2 out of cells as a product of respiration.
  2. Neurotransmitters diffuse across a synapse.
  3. Products of digestion diffuse from small intestine into blood.
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3
Q

Describe where DNA is found in a human cell (2 marks).

A

The DNA is in the chromosomes, in the nucleus of a human cell.

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4
Q

How does the structure of ciliates epithelial cells link to their function?

A

Tiny little hairs protruding from the surface pushes the mucus into the throat so it can be coughed up.

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5
Q

Bacteria contain…

A
  • A cell membrane and cell wall.
  • Cytoplasm and ribosomes.
  • NO NUCLEUS so genetic material is in the cytoplasm.
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6
Q

Animals tissues include…

A

Muscle tissue- can contract to bring about movement.

Glandular tissue- produce substances such as enzymes and hormones.

Epithelial tissue- covers some parts of the body.

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7
Q

Most animal cells contain…

A
  • A nucleus.
  • A cell membrane.
  • Cytoplasm.
  • Mitochondria.
  • Ribosomes.
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8
Q

Define xylem tissue in plants.

A

Transports water and salutes from roots to leaves.

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9
Q

How does the structure of sperm cells link to its function?

A

Streamlined- reduces resistance.

Tail- tails propels them forward.

Mitochondria- more respiration = more energy.

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10
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Chloroplasts contains chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis.

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11
Q

Define a tissue.

A

A tissue is a group of specialised cells that have a similar structure and function.

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12
Q

What is the function of a vacuole?

A

The vacuole contains cell sap to keep the cell enlarged and turgid with water.

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13
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

The cell wall supports/strengthens the cell and stops it bursting.

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14
Q

The stomach is an organ made out of:

A
  • Muscular tissue to churn food and other contents.
  • Glandular tissue to produce digestive juices like acids and enzymes.
  • Epithelial tissue to cover the inner and outer surfaces of the stomach.
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15
Q

The digestive system is a muscular tube which includes:

A

Pancreas and salivary glands- to produce digestive juices.

Liver- to produce bile which emulsified fats and neutralises stomach acid.

Small intestine- to digest and absorb soluble food.

Large intestine- to absorb water from undisgested food, producing faeces.

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16
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm is where most chemical reactions take place in a cell.

17
Q

How does the structure of root hair cells link to their function?

A

Root hair cells have a larger surface area so they can absorb water and minerals efficiently.

18
Q

Plant cells contain everything in an animal cell, plus…

A
  • A cell wall.
  • Chloroplasts.
  • A vacuole.
19
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria is where energy is released during respiration.

20
Q

Define phloem tissue in plants.

A

Transports food from leaves to the rest of the plant.

21
Q

Describe the structure of the leaf and the functions of the tissues in the leaf (6 marks)

A

Waxy cuticle➡️Reduces water loss.

No chloroplasts in epidermis➡️Allows light to penetrate.

Stomata/Guard cells➡️Allow CO2 in and O2 out.

Palisade mesophyll➡️Many chloroplasts traps light.

Spongy mesophyll➡️Air spaces for rapid movement of gases.

22
Q

How does the structure of red blood cells link to its function?

A

No nucleus- more room for haemoglobin.

Biconcave- larger surface area so it can carry more oxygen.

Small and flexible- easier to squeeze through capillaries.

23
Q

What factors affect the rate of diffusion and how?

A

Temperature- Higher temperature➡️Higher rate of diffusion.

Concentration- Higher concentration➡️Higher rate of diffusion.

24
Q

Define organ.

A

An organ contains different tissues, working together to carry out a particular function.

25
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are where proteins is made.

26
Q

Yeast is a single-celled organism which contains…

A
  • Nucleus.
  • Cell wall.
  • Cell membrane.
  • Cytoplasm.
  • Mitochondria.
27
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

28
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

A nucleus contains genetic material and controls the cell’s activities.

Biology GCSE AQA 2016 Unit 2+3 (10 decks)

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