B2 Cell Structure Flashcards
Cell membrane
Controls entry and exit of substances (partially permeable)
Containing the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Water based gel that fills the cell containing cell structure
Site of chemical reactions
Cytoplasm
Water based gel that fills the cell containing cell structure
Site of chemical reactions
Nucleus
Contains genetic material (DNA, chromosomes)
Controls all activity of the cell
Vacuole
Contains water, salt, sugar, keeps cell firm (turgid)
Supports plant and keeps it upright
Cell wall
Made of cellulose, fully permeable
Prevents cell from birsting
Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll (green pigment) absorbs light energy
Sire of photosynthesis
Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration and releases energy for the cell
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Similarities in plant and animal cells
Cell membranes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Circular DNA (DNA loop)
Single loop of DNA, not in a neucleus
Cell wall in bacteria
Made of protein and carbohydrate
Plasmid
Small DNA circle , allows exchange of DNA from one bacteria to another - creates genetic variation
Helix
Spiral
Ciliated cell
Helps the movement of mucus in the trachea and the bronchi
Has hair like structures called cilia the move the mucus up
Root hair cells
Extra surface area to absorb more water and ions
Palisade mesophyll cells
Photosynthesis
Neurons
Conduct electric impulses ( has extensions and branches to reach other neurons)
Red blood cells
Transport oxygen, are biconcave to hold more oxygen, haemoglobin in the cytoplasm, no nucleus for more surface area, small to fit through capillaries
Sperm cell
Is the male reproductive cell, has a tail to swim to the egg cell, head contains nucleus and acrosome (digestive enzymes to help sperm penetrate egg), mid piece contains many mitochondria for extra energy
Egg cell
Female reproductive cell, has jelly coating, large cytoplasm food storage for growing embryo
Cell membrane changes when the sperm penetrates so no more sperm can enter
