B2-Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A small packet of information that controls a characteristic.

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2
Q

How many chromosomes are there in the nucleus?

A

46 (23 pairs)

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3
Q

What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?

A

Stage 1- The cell grows bigger and replicates their DNA so they 2 copies of each chromosome. More sub-cellular structures (mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts) are created ready for the divide.
Stage 2- Mitosis. One set of chromosomes is pulled to each side of the cell and the nucleus divides.
Stage 3- The cytoplasm and cell membranes also divide to form to identical daughter cells.

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4
Q

What is the longest stage in the cell cycle?

A

Stage 1- Cell growing.

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5
Q

What is differentiation?

A

The process of unspecialised cells (stem cells) becoming specialised.

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6
Q

When do most cells become specialised in animals?

A

Very early in life. By the time a human baby is born, most of its cells are specialised

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7
Q

Can specialised cells divide by mitosis?

A

Yes but they can only produce the same type of cell. Muscle cells divide to produce more muscle cells.

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8
Q

When do most cells differentiate in plants?

A

Most plant cells are able to differentiate all their lives

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9
Q

Where do undifferentiated plant cells stay?

A

There are certain growing points or active sites where

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