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GCSE AQA Biology > B2 Cell Division > Flashcards

B2 Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Gene

A

Section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

A molecule of DNA consisting of a group of thousands of genes

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3
Q

Genome

A

The collections of chromosomes that define an individual (23 pairs, 46 in total for humans)

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Organelle containing the DNA that controls the activity in the cell

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5
Q

Cell

A

The smallest functional unit of an organism

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6
Q

Why does our body need mitosis?

A
  • Growth
  • Repair
  • Reproduction
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7
Q

What are the three stages of the cell cycle?

A

1) Replication
2) Mitosis
3) Division

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8
Q

Replication

A

All of the organelles and chromosomes in the cell are copied

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9
Q

Mitosis

A

The contents of the cell are rearranged.
The chromosomes are pulled apart to each end of the cell.

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10
Q

Division

A

The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide into two identical daughter cells

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11
Q

How fast does the cell cycle happen?

A

24 hours to several years depending on the type of cell and the life stage:
- Foetus -> very fast
- Baby -> fast
- Child -> slowing
- After puberty -> slow (repair/replace only)

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12
Q

What is differentiation and how does it work?

A

Cells differentiate by turning some of their genes off and some of their genes on. The combination of working and inactive genes decides what organelles the cell has and what the cell does

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13
Q

What are stem cells?

A

An undifferentiated cell which could turn into any Specialised cell in an organism.

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14
Q

Stem cells in plants

A
  • Can differentiate through their lives (unlike animals)
  • Found in the meristem
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15
Q

Embryonic stem cell

A
  • Early stages of the embryo
  • Can differentiate into most types of cell
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16
Q

Adult stem cell

A
  • Taken from adult bone marrow
  • Can differentiate into some types of cells (e.g. blood cells)
17
Q

Why is being able to clone large numbers of plants useful?

A
  • In horticulture, we can produce large numbers of plants to sell.
  • In agriculture, we can produce identical crops with special features, such as disease resistance.
18
Q

Therapeutic cloning

A

A process that produces an embryo with genes that are identical to the patient’s

19
Q

What are the risks of therapeutic cloning?

A
  • Infections
  • Ethical or religious objections

GCSE AQA Biology (18 decks)

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