B2 Cell Division Flashcards
What is growth
The process of cell division followed by cells becoming specialised
What is differentiation
The process of undifferentiated stem cells becoming specialised, muscle cell, fat cells and etc
What are stem cells
A cell that can become any cell that is needed in the body
Are stem cells differentiated or undifferentiated
Undifferentiated, because they turn into any cell that is needed in the body
How does differntaition differ in animal and plant cells
Most of the animals cells are already differentiated but in an animal most aren’t
Why is it hard to clone an animal
It’s hard to clone because most of their cells are already differentiated permanently and can’t change back
How can you clone animals
By cloning embroyos and taking the nucleus and replacing it with other genetic code and shocking it and eventually it will grow
How can you clone a plant
With cuttings
What does mitochodria look like
A oval or rounded rectangle shape
Where is the cell membrane
On the outside layer of a cell
What does a ribosome look like in a cell diagram
A black dot in a cell
What is stage 1 in the cell cycle
Replicating the dna and ordering it
What is stage 2 in a cell cycle
The chromosones go to the middle of the cell and are pulled apart by the fibres
What is the last stage of mitosis
The cell divides into two and they are identital
How do you clone a plant
Can you take some plant tissue and place it in the petri dish with nutrients, and then plant the plantlets in soil
What are adult stem cells
Cells that are found in bone marrow they can only differentiate to cells that are where they are found
What are embryonic cells
Cells that form in early development in the embryo
How are stem cells used in therapeutic cloning
By removing stem cells from a early human embryo and cloning them and they create different tissue that is transplated into the patient
Name two places where you get stem cells
Bone marrow, in embryos,
Name two disadvatages of using stem cells
Expensive and is slowly developed
What are the risks of a patient using a stem cells
Can give yourself infections, viruses and can even get cancer
Name two ethical and religous objections of using stem cells
Using humans as a source of stem cells, it affecting human reproduction and the embryo doesen’t have a choice
How many chromosomes does a human body cell have?
46
What is a gene
Section of DNA
