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GSCE Biology AQA Combined > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tissue ?

A

A groups of cells with a similar structure and function

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2
Q

What is an organ ?

A

An organ is a groups of tissue working together for a specific function

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3
Q

What is an organ system ?

A

Organs are grouped into organ systems which work together to form organisms

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4
Q

What are the three main nutrients food contains ?

A

. Carbohydrates
. Protein
. Lipids

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5
Q

What happens in digestion ?

A

Large food molecules are broken down into small molecules by enzymes . These small molecules can be absorbed into the bloodstream .

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6
Q

What does the pancreas do in digestion ?

A

Releases enzymes

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7
Q

What does the liver do ?

A

Release bile , which emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid .

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8
Q

What are enzymes ?

A

Catalyse

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9
Q

What do they have ?

A

An active site

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10
Q

What is the active site ?

A

The active site is where the substrate attaches to

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11
Q

What is the theory used with enzymes ?

A

The lock and key theory . Saying that enzymes are specific and the substrate must fit perfectly into it

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12
Q

What enzymes are proteins , carbohydrates and lipids broken down by ?

A

Proteins are broken down by protease , carbohydrates by carbohydrase and lipids are broken down by lipase.

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13
Q

What is produced when carbohydrase are broken down ?

A

Simple sugars

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14
Q

What is produced when proteins are broken down ?

A

Amino acids

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15
Q

What is produced when lipids are broken down ?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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16
Q

What does denatured mean ?

A

The substrate no longer fits perfectly into the active site

17
Q

What is the interior of the small intestine covered in ?

A

Villi

18
Q

What do villi do ?

A

They massively increase surface area for the absorption of molecules

19
Q

What circulatory system do humans have ?

A

Double circulatory system

20
Q

How many chambers does the heart have ?

A

4

21
Q

What does the vena cava do ?

A

It brings in deoxygenated blood from the body

22
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do ?

A

Passes blood from the heart to the lungs

23
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do ?

A

Brings in oxygenated blood from the lungs

24
Q

What does the aorta do ?

A

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

25
Q

What do valves do ?

A

Stop the blood from flowing backwards when the ventricles contract

26
Q

What do the coronary arteries do ?

A

Provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart

27
Q

What is found in the plasma ?

A

Red blood cells , white blood cells and platelets

28
Q

What does plasma do ?

A

Plasma transports dissolved substances around the body . e.g. carbon dioxide , soluble digestion products and urea .

29
Q

What do red blood cells do ?

A

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells

30
Q

What adaptations do red blood cells have to do this ?

A

. Contain the oxygen carrying molecule haemoglobin .
. They have no nucleus which means they have more room for haemoglobin .
. In the centre of cells they have dimples , gives red blood cells greater surface area so oxygen can diffuse rapidly .

31
Q

What do white blood cells do ?

A

Produce antibodies

32
Q

What are platelets ?

A

Tiny fragments of cells and their job is to help the blood to clot

33
Q

What are cardiovascular diseases ?

A

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels , they are non - communicable

34
Q

What are two treatments for CHD ?

A

Statins -lower cholesterol in blood

Stents - a tube inserted into the artery to keep it open

35
Q

What is the alveoli ?

A

There alveoli is where gases diffuse in and out of the bloodstream

36
Q

What adaptations do the alveoli have ?

A

. The millions of alveoli means the lungs have a huge surface area
. They have very thin walls so the diffusion path is very short
. The alveoli have a very goof blood supply

37
Q

What is a benign tumour ?

A

Benign tumours are growths of abnormal cells which are found in one area . They are usually contained within a membrane and stay in one place .

38
Q

What is a malignant tumour ?

A

Malignant tumours invade neighbouring tissues and move into the bloodstream , they are classified as a cancer

GSCE Biology AQA Combined (4 decks)

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