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Biology Ocr 21st Century GCSE > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the symptoms of bacteria caused by?

A

release of poisons or toxins by the bacteria

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2
Q

what are the symptoms of viruses caused by?

A

damaged to the cells as the virus reproduce

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3
Q

what is binary fission?

A

.a type of asexual reproduction

.tepr9duce by dividing into 2

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4
Q

what is exponential growth?

A

when bacteria reproduces rapidly

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5
Q

what does a virus need to reproduce?

A

‘host’ cell

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6
Q

what are some different types of antibody?

A

.destroy the invading microorganism
.enable white blood cells to recognise the microorganism as being foreign
.cause the microorganism to clump together, meaning it is easier to engulf white blood cells

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7
Q

when does an epidemic occur?

A

if a desise spreads rapidly through a population , for example in a city or countrey

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8
Q

what is antimicrobials?

A

are a group of substances that are used to kill microorganisms or inhibit (slow) their growth
they are effective against bacteria, viruses and fungi

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9
Q

what are antibiotics?

A

a type of antimicrobial which are effective against bacteria such as tuberculosis

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10
Q

what are antimicrobials?

A

chemicals that prevent the growth of microorganisms, so provide protection against desise

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11
Q

what are superbugs?

A

resistant microorganisms

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12
Q

what bacteria has spread through out hospitals dues to antibiotic resistance?

A

MRSA

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13
Q

what is an open label trial?

A

both patients and researchers know which drug the patient is reciveing

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14
Q

why do some trials investigate drugs over a long period of time?

A

.side effects may appear or increase over time

.the drug may become less effective

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15
Q

what makes up the circulatory system?

A

heart
blood vessels
blood

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16
Q

what are the three types of blood vessels?

A

arteries , capillaries , veins

17
Q

what do arteries do and what is there structure?

A

.AWAY from the heart under HIGH pressure

.THICK walls

18
Q

what do capillaries do and what is there structure?

A

.links arteries to veins

.walls are one cell thick

19
Q

what do veins do and what is there structure?

A

.collect blood and return it to the heart (TOWARDS)
.walls contain elastic muscular tissues
.under LOW pressure

20
Q

what runs over the surface of the heart?

A

coronary arteries

21
Q

how is coronary heart disease caused?

A

.by the build up of fatty substances in the arteries

22
Q

how is heart rate measured?

A

.recording the pulse rate

23
Q

what does blood pressure record?

A

the pressure of blood on the walls of an arterie

24
Q

how is blood pressure measured?

A

.millimeters of Mercury
.the higher the value the heart is contracting
.the lower value is when the heart is relaxed

25
Q

what are epidemiological studies?

A

studies of occurrence of desise using large numbers

26
Q

what is the maintenence of a constant environment called?

A

homeostasis

27
Q

wait does homeostasis involve?

A

the communication by the nervous and hormonal system

28
Q

what are the three parts of homeostasis?

A

.RECEPTORS detect change in the environment
.PROCESSING CENTERS reciveing information and determine how the body will responde
.EFFECTORS produce a response

29
Q

why must we keep the water content in our body’s contained?

A

to keep the body’s cells bathed in blood plasma

30
Q

how does alcohol affect the water ballance of the body?

A

causes kidney to produce a large volume of dilute urine and the body becomes dehydrated

31
Q

how does ecstacy affect the water balance of the body?

A

causes the kidneys to produce very small volumes of concentrated urine
the body’s cells swell with water

32
Q

does alcohol decrease or increase the amount of ADH?

A

.decrease

.less water is absorbed by the kidneys

33
Q

does ecstacy decrease or increase the amount of ADH?

A

.increases

.so more water is reabsorbed by the kidneys

Biology Ocr 21st Century GCSE (3 decks)

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