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Science Key Words > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Respiration that uses oxygen.

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2
Q

Allele

A

An alternative form of a particular gene.

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3
Q

Amino Acids

A

The smaller soluble sub-units that join to form proteins.

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4
Q

Amylase

A

An enzyme that breaks down starch.

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5
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Respiration that takes place without oxygen.

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6
Q

Bile

A

A greenish-yellow fluid produced by the liver.

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7
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed itself.

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8
Q

Cell

A

A fundamental unit of a living organism.

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9
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green pigment found in most plants; responsible for photosynthesis.

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

A tiny structure in the cytoplasm of plant cells that that contains chlorophyll.

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11
Q

Chromosome

A

Long molecule found in the nucleus of all cells; made from DNA.

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12
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Genetic disorder caused by recessive alleles affecting cell membranes.

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The substance found in living cells (outside the nucleus) where chemical reactions take place.

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14
Q

Denatured

A

Where the special shape of an enzyme is changed (by excessive temperature or pH) so it no longer functions.

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15
Q

Differentiation

A

To make / become different.

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16
Q

Diffusion

A

The mixing of two substances through the natural movement of their particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.

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17
Q

Dilate

A

To widen or enlarge.

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18
Q

DNA (deoxyribo nucleic acid)

A

Nuclei acid molecules that contain genetic information and make up chromosomes.

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19
Q

Dominant (allele)

A

An allele that only needs to be present once in order to be expressed; represented by a capital letter.

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20
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that speeds up a reaction (a biological catalyst).

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21
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer.

E.g. Skin

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22
Q

Extinction

A

Where all individuals of a species have died out.

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23
Q

Fatigued

A

Extremely tired due to excessive activity on muscles carrying out anaerobic respiration and the build up of lactic acid.

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24
Q

Fertilisation

A

The fusion of the male and fermail gametes.

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25
Q

Fossil

A

The remains of animals/ plants preserved in rock.

26
Q

Gamete

A

A specialised sex cell formed by meiosis.

27
Q

Gene

A

Part of a chromosome made up of DNA; controls a certain characteristic.

28
Q

Glycogen

A

A form of carbohydrate in which sugars are stored in the body for energy.

29
Q

Lactic acid

A

A compound produced when cells respire without oxygen. (i.e. Anaerobically)

30
Q

Lipase

A

An enzyme that breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol.

31
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division that forms daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

32
Q

Mendel

A

An Austrian monk who studied inheritance.

33
Q

Mitochondria

A

The structure in the cytoplasm where energy is produced rom chemical reactions.

34
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division that forms two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parents cells.

35
Q

Multicellular

A

An organism consisting of many cells.

36
Q

Nucleus

A

The control centre of the cell.

37
Q

Organ

A

A group of tissues working together.

38
Q

Phloem

A

Tissue for transporting sugars around a plant.

39
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The chemical process that uses light energy to produce glucose in green plants.

40
Q

Polydactyly

A

A genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele where people have extra fingers or toes.

41
Q

Protease

A

A enzyme used to break down proteins into amino acids.

42
Q

Quadrat

A

A square frame (usually between 0.25msquared and 1msquared) used for sampling organisms in their natural environment. Usually plants, aquatic organisms, e.g. Barnacles and some slowly mobile animals such as insects.

43
Q

Quantitative

A

Data involving quantities or measurements.

E.g. Distribution of organisms.

44
Q

Recessive (allele)

A

An allele that will only be expressed if there are two present; represented by a lower case letter.

45
Q

Respiration

A

The process of converting glucose into energy inside cells.

46
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small structure found in the cytoplasm of living cells where protein synthesis takes place.

47
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

When new individuals are produced that aren’t genetically identical to the parents; involving the fusion of gametes.

48
Q

Specialised

A

Adapted for a particular purpose.

49
Q

Stem cell

A

A human embryo cell or adult bone marrow cell that has yet to differentiate.

50
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells that have a similar structure and function.

51
Q

Transept

A

A fixed line along which sampling of populations, such as species abundance, are measured.

52
Q

Vacuole

A

A fluid-filled sac found in the cytoplasm.

53
Q

Xylem

A

Tissue for transporting water and minerals in plants.

54
Q

Yeast

A

A single-celled fungus; a microorganism.

55
Q

Zygote

A

A cell formed by the fusion of the nuclei of a make sex cell and a female sex cell (gametes).

56
Q

Genotype

A

The combination of alleles an individual has for a particular gene.

E.g. BB, Bb, or bb.

57
Q

Heterozygous

A

An individual who carries two different copies of the allele.

E.g. Bb

58
Q

Homozygous

A

An individual who carries two copies of the same allele.

E.g. BB or bb

59
Q

Oxygen debt

A

Oxygen deficiency cause by anaerobic respiration during intense / vigorous exercise.

60
Q

Phenotype

A

the expression of the genotype.

I.e. The characteristic shown.

61
Q

Speciation

A

Where populations have become so different that successful interbreeding is no longer possible.

Science Key Words (1 decks)

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