b2

Question 1

what is the function of palisade cell?

Answer 1

cells in a plant leaf that are responsible for photosynthesis

Question 2

what are the 6 adaptations for palisade cell?

Answer 2

-found in top of a leaf
-tall and has a large sa: v ratio to absorb light
-surrounded by a plasma membrane and a cell wall made of cellulose to protect the cell and keep it rigid
-large vacuole to maintain turgor pressure and so take in a large volume of water for phts and support
-packed with lots of chloroplasts to absorb large amounts of light for photosynthesis
- chloroplasts can also move around in cytoplasm to maximise amount of light absorbed

Question 3

what is the function of root hair cells?

Answer 3

its designed for absorbing water and minerals

Question 4

list 4 adaptations of root hair cells

Answer 4

• long hair like extensions that increase area to maximise absorption
• large surface area which helps maximise amount of water and minerals absorbed from soil
• thin cellulose cell wall to increase diffusion
• cell vacuole containing cell sap—> to allow water to pass down easily its concentration gradient from soil to the vacuole

Question 5

what is the function of sperm cell?

Answer 5

delivers genetic material from male to female reproductive system

designed to fertilise eggs

Question 6

what are the 4 adaptations of sperm cells?

Answer 6

has undulipodium for movement
mitochondria to supply energy for movement

head is made up of an acrosome which contains digestive enzymes which are released when the sperm meet the egg to digest the protective later of the ovum and allow the sperm to penetrate

haploid genome to combine with female genetic material

Question 7

what is the function of the egg cell?

Answer 7

receives genetic material from male and provides nutrients to a developing embryo.

Question 8

what is the adaptation of red blood cell?

Answer 8

contains haemoglobin- a protein molecule in red blood cell which joins with oxygen and carries it from the lungs to other parts of the body

have biconcave shape this increases surface area to volume ratio of the cell hence increased transport of oxygen

flexible- squeeze through narrow blood capillaries

have no nucleus in mammals this increases space for the haemoglobin molecules inside the cell that carry oxygen

Question 9

what is the function of wbc?

Answer 9

protect the body from infections

Question 10

what adaptations do neutrophils have?

Answer 10

multi lobed nuclei which enables them to squeeze through small gaps when travelling to site of infection

the cytoplasm holds lysosomes that contain enzymes which are used to digest pathogens that are ingested by neutrophil

Question 11

what are the adaptations of the ovum cell?

Answer 11

haploid genome to combine with male genetic material forming a diploid genome

contains a nucleus which harbours the genetic material

zona pellucida contains many glycoproteins which sperm cells recognise and re drawn to it

corona radiata is a protein heavy layer that provides nutrients for the egg and early embryo