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Biology Revision GCSE > B16 Ecology > Flashcards

B16 Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The part of an
ecosystem where an
organism lives

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2
Q

What is a species?

A

This is a group of
organisms that can
breed together

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3
Q

What is a population

A

This is the organisms of
the same species that
share a particular
habitat

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4
Q

What is a community?

A

This is made up of all the
organisms that share a
particular habitat

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5
Q

What do all organisms often need?

A

The same resources

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6
Q

What is interdependence?

A

A description of
how organisms rely on
and impact upon each
other

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7
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Factors which are living which affect organisms

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8
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Factors which are not living which affect organisms

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9
Q

How does light intensity affect communities?

A

Can limit photosynthesis so affects distribution of plants and animals
Breeding cycles of many animals and plants is linked to day length and light intensity

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10
Q

How does temperature affect communities?

A

Limits photosynthesis so it affects distribution

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11
Q

How do moisture levels affect communities?

A

Moisture levels affect the type of plants and animals which can survive and the number of them

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12
Q

How does soil pH and mineral content affect communities?

A

The levels of mineral ions impacts the distribution of plants
Acidic soils inhibit the breakdown of plants which reduces the amount of mineral ions in the soil

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13
Q

How does wind intensity and direction affect communities?

A

The direction of the wind affects the shape of the trees and environment
Transpiration occurs faster

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14
Q

How does the availability of oxygen affect communities?

A

Heavily affects water-living communities ability to grow

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15
Q

How does the availability of carbon dioxide affect communities?

A

Limiting factor for photosynthesis

Affects distribution of certain organisms

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16
Q

How do new pathogens or parasites affect communities?

A

Organisms have no resistance to new pathogens or parasites, so populations can be reduced or wiped out

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17
Q

How do new predators affect communities?

A

Organisms that have no defences against new predators may be quickly wiped out

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18
Q

How does interspecific competition affect communities?

A

A new species of an organism may outcompete the existing one, reducing their successful breeding capabilities

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19
Q

What are carnivores in competition for?

A

Prey animals

20
Q

What are prey animals in competition for?

A

Surviving predators

21
Q

Why do animals need to set up and defend territory?

A

To raise their breed and raise their young, and have a source of food

22
Q

How do males compete for females?

A

Males fight each other to be able to mate or they make themselves stand out to attract females

23
Q

What do plants compete for?

A

Light, water and mineral ions

24
Q

How do plants avoid competition?

A

They grow earlier in season, have different root lengths and are adapted to lower light levels

25
Q

How do plants spread their seeds?

A

By wind, water or explosive seed pods

26
Q

What is a structural adaptation?

A

An adaptation related to physical structures, such as colour or shape

27
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation?

A

Adaptations related to short or long term behaviours

28
Q

What is a physiological adaptation?

A

Adaptations related to biological processes, such as metabolism

29
Q

What are two structural adaptations of plants?

A

Spines to ward off potential predators

Large leaves to maximise photosynthesis

30
Q

What are two behavioural adaptations of plants?

A

Plant shoots grow towards the sunlight to maximise photosynthesis
Roots grow downwards to maximise water absorbtion

31
Q

What are two physiological adaptations of plants?

A

Poisonous when eaten

Poisonous when touched

32
Q

What are two structural adaptations of animals

A

Large claws to dig burrows or catch prey

Good eyesight and hearing to detect predator or prey

33
Q

What are two behavioural adaptations of animals?

A

Mating rituals to attract mates

Working in groups to attack prey

34
Q

What is a physiological adaptation of animals?

A

Production of venom to attack and for self defence

35
Q

What is a producer?

A

A producer is an organism which creates its own biomass

36
Q

What is a consumer?

A

A producer is an organism which gains biomass from other organisms

37
Q

What is a predator?

A

A predator is an organism which gains biomass from prey

38
Q

What is prey?

A

Prey is an organism which gains biomass from producers and is hunted by predators

39
Q

What are decomposers?

A

Decomposers are a group of microorganisms which feed on dead organisms

40
Q

What do decomposers do?

A

Decomposers return dead and waste materials and return nutrients into the soil

41
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Precipitation is when water droplets become too heavy to stay suspended in air and fall as rain or other types of precipitation

42
Q

What is percolation?

A

Percolation is when water trickles through gaps in soils and rocks

43
Q

What is transpiration and respiration?

A

Transpiration and respiration are ways plants and animals lose water vapour to the atmosphere

44
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Evaporation is the process of liquid water becoming water vapour when heated

45
Q

What is condensation?

A

Condensation is the cooling of water vapour back into liquid water droplets

Biology Revision GCSE (2 decks)

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