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Biology > B15 - Ecology > Flashcards

B15 - Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Habitats

A

The part of an ecosystem where organisms live

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2
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms can breed together to produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

Population

A

Organisms of the same species living in the same habitat

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4
Q

Community

A

All of the organisms living in the same habitats

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5
Q

Competition

A

The fact that species often have to compete for resources

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6
Q

Interdependent

A

Organisms rely on each other and impact each other

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7
Q

Biotic Factors

A

The living parts of an ecosystem such as the fauna and flora (animals and plants)

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8
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

The non-living parts of an ecosystem such as rock,soil,water and atmosphere

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9
Q

Examples of Abiotic Factors

A 
.Light intensity
.Temperature
.Moisture Levels
.Soil PH
.Wind Intensity
.Availability of Oxygen
.Availability of Carbon
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10
Q

Examples of Biotic factors

A

. Food availability
. New pathogens/parasites
. New predators
. Interspecific Competition

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11
Q

How does temperature impact communities

A
  • Low artic temperatures mean plants are very small
  • Affects the species that can survive (herbivore and carnivore).
  • Limit photosynthesis and therefore growth of plants
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12
Q

How does light intensity impact communities

A

. Breeding cycles of animals linked to day length and light

• Limit photosynthesis and therefore growth of plants

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13
Q

How does soil PH impact communities

A

• Distribution or plants
. Carnivorous plants thrive where nitrate levels are very low
• Most plants struggle to survive in areas of low mineral ions
. Low ph levels inhibits decay

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14
Q

How does wind intensity impact communities

A

. Areas of strong prevailing winds the shape of the trees and the whole landscape is affected by the wind
. Plants transpire fast

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15
Q

How does oxygen impact communities

A

. Some invertebrates can survive in water with low oxygen levels
. Most fish need a high level dissolved oxygen
. Proportion varies in air

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16
Q

How does carbon dioxide impact communities

A

. Limits photosynthesis and plant growth

. Distribution of organisms, mosquitos are out attracted to their food animals by high carbon dioxide levels

17
Q

How does food availability impact communities

A

When there is lots of food, the levels of breeding are increased

18
Q

How do new pathogens and parasites impact communities

A

. Organisms have no resistance to the disease

. A new pathogen can also damage and even wipe out populations or even a community.

19
Q

How do new predators impact communities

A

. Organisms that have no defences against new predators may quickly be wiped out

20
Q

How do moisture levels impact communities

A
  • If there is little water, there may be no life
  • Plants are relatively low is deserts
  • After it rains plants may grow while the water is available
  • They are then eaten by many animals.
21
Q

How does interspecific competiton impact communities

A

• New species may outcompete another to the point where numbers become too low to survive through breeding

22
Q

What resources do plants compete for ?

A

. Light for photosynthesis, to make food
. Water for photosynthesis and for keeping their tissues rigid and supported
. Nutrients (minerals) from the soil , to make all the chemicals they need in their cells
. Space to grow, allowing their roots to take in water and nutrients and their leaves to capture light

23
Q

What resources do animals compete for?

A

Animals compete for many things including:
. Food
. Territory
. Mates

24
Q

What is a structural adaption?

A

Features that are related to physical structures-shape, colour
etc.

25
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation?

A

Features related to short/ long term behaviours, eg. migration
, basking and tool use.

26
Q

What is a functional adaption?

A

Features related to processes,

usually internal/cellular processes.

27
Q

What are extremophiles?

A

Organisms that have adapted to live in extreme environmemts
. Temperature
. PH
. Salinity

Biology (2 decks)

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