B1.3 Respiration

Question 1

What is the word equation for AEROBIC respiration?

Answer 1

oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water (+ ATP)

Question 2

What is the word equation for ANAEROBIC respiration in animal cells?

Answer 2

glucose = lactic acid (+ATP)

Question 3

What is the word equation for ANAEROBIC respiration in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 3

glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ATP)

Question 4

What are the two main disadvantages of anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 4

It doesn’t release as much ATP (i.e. only 2 molecules compared to 19 in aerobic respiration).
lactic acid builds up in the cells causing muscle fatigue

Question 5

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells more commonly referred to as?

Answer 5

Fermentation

Question 6

What two processes do humans use anaerobic respiration in yeast for?

Answer 6

producing alcohol (ethanol) to produce alcoholic drinks
producing carbon dioxide to cause bread dough to rise

Question 7

Whereabouts in the cell does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 8

A universal chemical process that supplies ATP in all living cells

Question 9

Why is cellular respiration referred to as an exothermic reaction?

Answer 9

Energy (heat) is released during the reaction

Question 10

What is the chemical formula for aerobic respiration?

Answer 10

C6 H12O6 + 6O2 =6CO2+ 6H2O

Question 11

What is glycogen?

Answer 11

A store of glucose.

Question 12

Whereabouts in the body is glycogen stored?

Answer 12

In the liver and muscles.

Question 13

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 13

Adenosine triphosphate.

Question 14

What is ATP?

Answer 14

An energy store inside of cells

Question 15

Which type of respiration produces the most amount of ATP?

Answer 15

Aerobic respiration (upto 38 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule).

Question 16

What is lactic acid?

Answer 16

A waste product of anaerobic respiration.

Question 17

When is lactic acid produced?

Answer 17

During strenuous exercise when respiring cells cannot receive oxygen fast enough for the cells demands.

Question 18

Which organism carry out fermentation?

Answer 18

Which organism carry out fermentation?

Question 19

Why are carbohydrates sometimes termed as polymers?

Answer 19

They are made from smaller units (i.e. starch and cellulose are made from smaller carbohydrate molecules such as sugar)

Question 20

What is the sugar found in milk?

Answer 20

Lactose

Question 21

What is the sugar found in fruit?

Answer 21

fructose

Question 22

What enzymes break down carbohydrates in your body?

Answer 22

Carbohydrase enzymes e.g. amylase breaks down starch

Question 23

Whereabouts in the body are carbohydrates broken down?

Answer 23

Mouth and small intestines (carbohydrases are also made by the pancreas)

Question 24

What is meant by metabolic rate?

Answer 24

The speed at which chemical reactions in your cells transfer energy from chemical stores in food.

Question 25

What are lipids?

Answer 25

• They are fats and oil.

- They are made up of three fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 26

Why does our body need lipids?

Answer 26

They are a store of energy.
They insulate the body.
They are used to make all cell membranes.

Question 27

What enzymes break down lipids in your body?

Answer 27

Lipase enzymes e.g. lipase breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 28

Whereabouts in the body are carbohydrates broken down?

Answer 28

Mouth and small intestines (carbohydrases are also made by the pancreas)

Question 29

Why are proteins sometimes termed as polymers?

Answer 29

They are made from smaller units (called amino acids)

Question 30

How many different amino acids are there?

Answer 30

20

Question 31

What enzymes break down protein in your body?

Answer 31

protease enzymes e.g. pepsin breaks down protein in the stomach

Question 32

Whereabouts in the body are protein broken down?

Answer 32

stomach and small intestines (proteases are also made by the pancreas)