B1.3 Respiration Flashcards
What is the word equation for AEROBIC respiration?
oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water (+ ATP)
What is the word equation for ANAEROBIC respiration in animal cells?
glucose = lactic acid (+ATP)
What is the word equation for ANAEROBIC respiration in plant and yeast cells?
glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ATP)
What are the two main disadvantages of anaerobic respiration in animals?
It doesn’t release as much ATP (i.e. only 2 molecules compared to 19 in aerobic respiration).
lactic acid builds up in the cells causing muscle fatigue
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells more commonly referred to as?
Fermentation
What two processes do humans use anaerobic respiration in yeast for?
producing alcohol (ethanol) to produce alcoholic drinks producing carbon dioxide to cause bread dough to rise
Whereabouts in the cell does aerobic respiration take place?
mitochondria
What is cellular respiration?
A universal chemical process that supplies ATP in all living cells
Why is cellular respiration referred to as an exothermic reaction?
Energy (heat) is released during the reaction
What is the chemical formula for aerobic respiration?
C6 H12O6 + 6O2 =6CO2+ 6H2O
What is glycogen?
A store of glucose.
Whereabouts in the body is glycogen stored?
In the liver and muscles.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate.
What is ATP?
An energy store inside of cells
Which type of respiration produces the most amount of ATP?
Aerobic respiration (upto 38 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule).
What is lactic acid?
A waste product of anaerobic respiration.
When is lactic acid produced?
During strenuous exercise when respiring cells cannot receive oxygen fast enough for the cells demands.
Which organism carry out fermentation?
Which organism carry out fermentation?
Why are carbohydrates sometimes termed as polymers?
They are made from smaller units (i.e. starch and cellulose are made from smaller carbohydrate molecules such as sugar)
What is the sugar found in milk?
Lactose
What is the sugar found in fruit?
fructose
What enzymes break down carbohydrates in your body?
Carbohydrase enzymes e.g. amylase breaks down starch
Whereabouts in the body are carbohydrates broken down?
Mouth and small intestines (carbohydrases are also made by the pancreas)
What is meant by metabolic rate?
The speed at which chemical reactions in your cells transfer energy from chemical stores in food.
